The towns are full of refuse. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Russian Civil War". After an abortive move north against the Red Army, Wrangel's troops were forced south by Red Army and Black Army forces; Wrangel and the remains of his army were evacuated to Constantinople in November 1920. Russian and Allied ships evacuated about 40,000 of Denikin's men from Novorossiysk to the Crimea, without horses or any heavy equipment, while about 20,000 men were left behind and either dispersed or captured by the Red Army. In October Gen. Alekseev, the leader of the White armies in southern Russia, died of a heart attack. report. The attack was well-executed, using night attacks and lightning cavalry maneuvers to turn the flanks of the defending Red Army. Kaledin of the Don Cossacks and General Grigory Semenov of the Siberian Cossacks were prominent among them. Stymied in his efforts to consolidate his hold, Wrangel then attacked north in an attempt to take advantage of recent Red Army defeats at the close of the Polish–Soviet War of 1919–1920. While it is a polemical response to German social-democrat Karl Kautsky, it is also represents the Bolshevik defense of the extraordinary means the young workers’ republic had to take in order to defend itself from the almost two dozen armies that were on its soil trying to turn back the revolution. Mass arrests of Socialist-Revolutionaries followed. By February 1919 the British government had pulled its military forces out of Central Asia. Estonian . hide. In February 1918 the Red Army overthrew the White Russian-supported Kokand autonomy of Turkestan. Cookie policy. The Red Army fought back, and the White Army’s loss was heavy. In January 1918 the Soviet forces under Lt. Col. Muravyov invaded Ukraine and invested Kiev, where the Central Council of the Ukrainian People's Republic held power. With the support of the Japanese army it was able to hold Chita, but after withdrawal of Japanese soldiers from Transbaikalia, Semenov's position became untenable, and in November 1920 he was driven by the Red Army from Transbaikalia and took refuge in China. [15] However, after the military fiasco of the summer offensive (June 1917) by the Russian Provisional Government, and in particular after the failed summer offensive of the Provisional Government had devastated the structure of the Russian Army, it became crucial that Lenin realize the promised peace. During the Red Terror, estimates of Cheka executions range from 12,733 to 1.7 million. The two largest combatant groups were the Red Army, fighting for the Bolshevik form of socialism led by Vladimir Lenin, and the loosely allied forces known as the White Army, which included diverse interests favouring political monarchism, capitalism and alternative forms of socialism, each with democratic and anti-democratic variants. There were also many German commanders who offered support against the Bolsheviks, fearing a confrontation with them was impending as well. Lenin considered it "completely certain, that the slightest aid from Finland would have determined the fate of [the city]". After the treaty, it looked like much of that material would fall into the hands of the Germans. Learn more about the Russian … In April 1917 the Provisional Government set up this committee, which was mostly made up of former Tsarist officials. The result of the First World War and the Russian Civil War was very bad for the life and society for the newborn Soviet Union. Oxford University Press. The main body of White forces, the Volunteers and the Don Army, pulled back towards the Don, to Rostov. The Red Army, stretched thin by fighting on all fronts, was forced out of Kiev on 30 August. 978-1-85367-280-4. harv. During and after the Russian Civil War, Soviet Russia suffered great damage. They were worried about a possible Russo-German alliance, the prospect of the Bolsheviks making good on their threats to default on Imperial Russia's massive foreign loans, and the possibility that Communist revolutionary ideas would spread (a concern shared by many Central Powers). The Russian Civil War was a civil war fought from November 1917 until October 1922 between several groups in Russia. In the European part of Russia the war was fought across three main fronts: the eastern, the southern and the northwestern. Promising an end to the war and "all power to the Soviets," the Bolsheviks then ended dual power by suppressing the Provisional Government in late October, on the eve of the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets, in what would be the second Revolution of 1917. Robert Gellately. In March 1921, four months after the defeat of the White Army in the Crimea, the Lenin administration abandoned the policy of War Communism and instead formulated the New Economic Policy which allowed denationalisation of agriculture and industry, but most financial institutions retained state ownership with a deregulation in such sectors.