structure of isaiah

The main prose material is found in chs. Yet, God did not give us the Bible for us to read as isolated individuals. 4. The final section of 1-12 includes a promise of a Branch who is going to be filled with the Spirit in order to bring righteousness, justice, and faithfulness for the poor. We should seek the assistance of those who have gone before us. But I think some of the connections are clear and remarkable enough to make my hypothesis a plausible one. STRUCTURE OF ISAIAH 1 The basic feature of chapter 1 is the contrast between two cities (or city complexes)–Sodom/Gomorrah and Zion. 56–66) [5 Sermons]. The Book of Isaiah in its final form is understood as a “literary drama” in which the readers witness the transformation of Jerusalem from a place of judgment into a place of eschatological salvation for both the righteous in Israel and the just ones from the nations. For reasons in the text one might be stronger than another, but because the Bible has no inspired outlines, we must accept that these outlines are ministerial, not magisterial. 30–31). 6:10; 53:1) & relates them both to the Prophet Isaiah. Authoritative teaching always comes from its adherence to the biblical text. These themes keep the main ideas of the book front and center, helping us keep our eye on what is most important. Add to this a number of well-worn proof texts for systematic theology—e.g., verses about Christ’s virgin birth (7:14 and 9:6–7), his sacrifice (52:13–53:12), and the grossness of sin (64:6)—and I accumulated a lot of disconnected knowledge about this glorious book. 36–39). Discussions of Main Sections of Isaiah The Purpose. It also identifies the twin actions of God’s salvation and judgment. It has two parts. 4:11–12). Chapters 1‑39 have two historical centers: the Syro-Ephraimite war in chapter 7 where Ahaz is urged to trust the Lord (the implication is that Ahaz should not … Modern scholarship has no unanimity as to how many authors or where to divide the book. Somewhere along the line, I’ve heard this line of thinking. While each organizes the book differently, their collective witness gives us insight into things we should be looking for when we read. C.C. With the wisdom of ages past and those who have devoted themselves to the study of the Bible in the present, we can and should gain a better understanding of Scripture. As we will see in many of the following outlines, this is a crucial section of the book for understanding the unity and progression of Isaiah’s message.Here’s Alec Motyer’s outline basic outline. Testimonials. Here is his organization in outline form. Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Dr. Gileadi’s work will render obsolete almost all the speculations of Isaiah scholars over the last one hundred years, enabling scholarship to proceed along an entirely new line, opening new avenues of approach for others to follow”—Professor Roland … You can see it here in this table. 1. The Servants of YHWH and the New Creation, Preface: Judah: diagnosis and prognosis (1:1–5:1), Historical Prologue: Hezekiah’s Fatal Choice (38:1–39:8), The Consolation of the World (40:1–42:17), The Great Deliverance (44:24–48:22) — [Cyrus is the Servant Who Saves Israel from Babylon], The Greater Deliverance (49:1–55:13) — [“Christ” is the Servant Who Saves the World from Sin], The ideal and the actual: the needs and sins of the Lord’s people (56:1–59:13), The coming of the Anointed Conqueror (59:14–63:6), Prayer and response: steps to the new heaven and the new earth (63:7–66:24), Isaiah 1–5: Introduction to Isaiah’s message of judgment and hope, Isaiah 6: A vision of the holy king: perspective on the nature of Isaiah’s message, Isaiah 7–12: Judgment with a foolish king and a hope for a just king, Isaiah 13–23: Oracles about and against the nations, Isaiah 24–27: A cosmic vision of judgment and salvation, Isaiah 28–33: Woes against mistrust and hope for a king, Isaiah 36–39: Historical bridge—God can save, but Zion’s exile awaits, Isaiah 40–48: Waiting confidently when God seems absent, Isaiah 49–55: God the king, the servant and Zion’s comfort, Old Jerusalem vs. New Jerusalem (1:1–2:5 and 2:6–4:5), Old Jerusalem vs. New Jerusalem (7:1–12:5), Fall of Babylon and Israel’s Neighbors (13–23), Accusation of Jerusalem’s Leaders (28–35), Trial: Accusation, God’s Response, The Right Conclusion (41–47), God’s Servant is Rejected and Killed (50:4–9; 52:13–53:12), God’s Servant Lives Again and Brings a New Covenant (53:10–12; 54–55), All Nations Invited to Join God’s Covenant Family (56:1, Contrast Between the Wicked and the Servants (56:9–58:14), THE Servant Announces God’s Kingdom (60–62), Contrast Between the Wicked and the Servants (65:1–66:4), All Nations Invited to Join God’s Covenant Family (66:5–24), As 2020 comes to an end and 2021 approaches, here are a few reflections on how this turbulent year has impacted the…, Jubilee Bells: A Christmas Meditation on God’s Redemption in Christ, What Does It Mean That Jesus is the 'Son of David'? Practically, you might “try on” one of these outlines as you read through Isaiah. Teachers of Scripture are never authoritative in themselves. I am still learning that message, but having a mental map of the whole book has been a game-changer. “Zion will be redeemed with justice, and her repentant ones with righteousness” (1:27), and this will especially involve a reversal of the abuse of the orphan and widow (1:23). The book of Isaiah is sixty-six books, just like the Bible. Last weekend I discovered what I believe to be a pattern in Isaiah 28-39 that relates it to Isaiah 1-12 and 13-27. (Isaiah 55:1 uses the same Hebrew word, but not in the condemnatory way that it is used elsewhere). One of the reasons for this oddity, I think, is that Isaiah is constructed so that the opening section, chapters 1-12, structurally anticipates the whole. Barry Webb (The Message of Isaiah, 30–31) has provided, in my estimation, the most helpful outline of the book of Isaiah. This chapter examines the structure of the book of Isaiah. It will help you keep your place and give you a knowledgeable conversation partner with whom you can push and pull against the Bible. 10:33-12:6/55:1-66:24: In both of these sections, the work of Yahweh and His servant brings about a restoration of the whole creation. Isaiah's favorite designation for Jehovah (Yahweh) is "The Lord of Hosts", used 62 times in the book. b. Below is an initial effort to make a case for this claim. 24-27 comprise an apocalyptic section stressing the last days (see note on 24:1 -- 27:13). The second (chapters 38–39) deals with Hezekiah’s illness and his reception of envoys from Merodach Baladan. The Book of Isaiah: From Zion in the Old Creation to Zion in the New. And it is divided into 39 chapters and 27 chapters, just like the two Testaments–old and new. Philistines are first mentioned in 2:6, and there is an oracle against the Philistines in 14:28ff. Isaiah spoke frequently of the events to come, foretelling the fall of heathen nations and the establishment of the kingdom of the Messiah who would rule in justice and righteousness (cf. Part 1: The holy king must judge, but hope remains (Isa. Isaiah could best be understood according to a three-part structure consisting of 1) a statement of the issue under dispute, 2) the basis, and 3) the conclusion 2). Price New from Used from Kindle "Please retry" $4.99 — — … God gives teachers to the church to instruct in God’s Word (Eph. So chapters 36–39 are effectively the structural pivot on which the whole book turns .It is preceded by three units (chapters 1–12; 13–27 and 28–35), all of which end with the redeemed singing God’s praises in Zion, or on their way to it. In Isaiah 2, 4, 12, 27, 35, 55, and 66 we are brought back into the realm of Zion. Both the opening chapters and the whole book have been outlined as heptamerous chiasms; I am suggesting that they are also matching chiasms. Second, the principal arrangement of the book comprises seven asymmetrical concentric sections, each made up of complex (triadic and quadratic) framing patterns. It mirrors the structure of the entire Bible. The Vision of Isaiah: Its Structure and Scope Paperback – March 10, 2017 by E W Bullinger (Author) 3.6 out of 5 stars 4 ratings. With that in mind, here are five scholars, tour guides, who have provided an outline of Isaiah. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Masturbatory Worship and the Contemporary Church. But, at the centre, in chapters 36–39, stands an extended block of material which is predominately prose. Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. In chapter 5, the vineyard parable is followed by a series of six woes, and the vineyard parable of chapter 27 is also followed by six woes (28:1; 29:1, 15; 30:1; 31:1; 33:1). Isa 2:1-5). Chapter 2 also includes a relentless account of all the high things that the Lord is going to topple; the lofty are going to be brought down. Isaiah, Hebrew Yeshaʿyahu (“God Is Salvation”), (flourished 8th century bce, Jerusalem), prophet after whom the biblical Book of Isaiah is named (only some of the first 39 chapters are attributed to him), a significant contributor to Jewish and Christian traditions. Nine Stars in the Constellation of Jesus’s Kingdom, The Great Res(e)t: What Jubilee Says about Christmas, the New Covenant, and the New Year (Leviticus 25), A Beautiful Household (pt. Thus, the structure of these two sections is chiastic: Prophetic commission / prophet and king // prophet and king / prophetic commission. One of the cruxes of the structure of Isaiah is the question of why Isaiah’s call and commission occurs in chapter 6 rather than, as in most of the prophets, at the beginning of the book. In his thematic study of Isaiah, he outlines the book under five parts. Isa. Also, send me the Evangelical Newsletter and special offers. For this reason, take up an “order of service” and read along. Structure of Isaiah July 13, 2011 by Peter Leithart One of the cruxes of the structure of Isaiah is the question of why Isaiah’s call and commission occurs in chapter 6 … Literary structure (chiasmus, chiasm) of Book of Isaiah Chiasmus and Concentric Structure of divided by 3 3-1 1 The wickednedd of Judah(1:1-20) It is inadequate largely because I am not yet as familiar with the book of Isaiah as a whole as I hope to be. Such dependence on faithful teachers does not put human wisdom above the Bible, it listens to the Bible, acknowledges the gifts of God, the goodness of reading the Bible in community, and seeks to know God’s word with the help of others. This dual structure based on the author's own day and then the future, was common in the Hebrew prophets (cf. Ib Chs. Isaiah describes God’s divine characteristics and God’s acts in history. Just as the Servant of Yahweh contrasts with the proud and ambitious king of Babylon (chapters 13-14), so the Servant of Yahweh is the true king who stands in contrast to the king of Assyria. In part, this has been accomplished by means of a narrative structure that runs through the first half of the book (Isa 1–39). Instead, he places stress on the historical narrative of Hezekiah’s encounter with Assyria and Babylon (ch. Because of the root of Jesse, there will be glorious rest (11:10, and the Lord raises the question of the place of His rest in 66:1. The first (chapters 36–37) describes Sennacherib’s invasion and its outcome, and finally resolves the Assyrian crisis which has dominated the whole first half of the book. And for years, I operated with this basic understanding that there is one seismic break between Isaiah 39 and 40, making the one book two. Both sections begin with a parable about a vineyard, though the thrust of those two parables differs. The Judgment of the Vineyard and the Coming King, 5. Its verses explore the essential themes of … 9:8-10:4 repeatedly warns that the Lord’s anger is not spent, but chapter 40 begins with words of comfort, encouraging Zion to rejoice that her warfare is ended and her sins forgiven. The following summarizes the structural analysis of Isaiah found in David Dorsey's Literary Structyre of the Old Testament.Like most of the books of the Old Testament, Dorsey finds that Isaiah is organized in a sevenfold pattern: A.Condemnation, pleading, promise of future restoration, 1:1-12: B. Oracles to the nations, 13:1-26:21 C. Woes, 27:1-35:10 D. Historical narrative, 36:1-39:8 C’. Explore the world's faith through different perspectives on religion and spirituality! Gentry’s outline helps us see how the various proposals work in concert together. They should be and can be used to help us see what is in the text itself. 6:1-9:7/36:1-39:8: The parallels between these sections are obvious. Similarly, the series of woes in chapters 27-35 is interrupted by a narrative, and two additional woes are pronounced in the following section (45:9-10), the final two woes in Isaiah. See all formats and editions Hide other formats and editions. In his Concentricity and Continuity: The Literary Structure of Isaiah (Library Hebrew Bible/Old Testament Studies), Robert H. O’Connell argues … For chapters 1-12, I am relying on my own structural analysis, which I have written about before on this site. This would mean Isaiah prophesied during a period of approximately fifty years (ca. The Structure of Proto-Isaiah It was not until I began reading Isaiah as whole book, however, that the message of Isaiah began to come to life. For many biblical scholars and pastors, Alec Motyer’s commentary, The Prophecy of Isaiah: An Introduction and Commentary. Ezekiel, Daniel, and Zechariah). While the fullest description of life in the new creation is reserved until the last two chapters, we are given frequent anticipations and pledges of it the way through, especially at the conclusion of Parts 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6. (pp. Nine Stars in the Constellation of Jesus's Kingdom. And we would be fools to ignore them. Though much of chapter 1 is the indictment, there is the promise that the harlot city will be restored to righteousness. 5:1-30/27:1-35:10: I have modified Dorsey’s structure at this point. The purpose of the Book of Isaiah becomes so obvious when one steps back and examines its contents.The judgment of God is so powerfully witnessed in the first part of the book (Isaiah 1-39) but then slowly but fully unfolds God's redeeming grace in the last part of Isaiah (Isaiah 40-66). Following his outline, Barry Webb explains how Isaiah unfolds. Overall, the sections contrast. In his book, he alters the typical way Isaiah is divided into two halves (1–39, 40–66). Keywords: Isaiah, tradents, Jerusalem, judgment, eschatology, salvation This is how it should be. In other words, much of Isaiah will detail the Jerusalem … Introduction The book of Isaiah is composed of three natural divisions: sayings, principally of judgment, chapters 1-35; historical narratives, chapters 36-39 (almost identical with II Kings 18:13-20:19); and sayings, principally of comfort, chapters 40-66. Isaiah 7:6 "Let us go up against Judah, and vex it, and let us make a breach therein for us, and set a … For the book as a whole, I am relying mainly on David Dorsey’s analysis, though with a minor adjustment. Patheos has the views of the prevalent religions and spiritualities of the world. Isaiah, the son of Amoz is the author of the entire Book of Isaiah—despite what modern liberal “scholars” try to maintain with their theories of Deutero-Isaiah, and even Trito-Isaiah. C. Some reasons for the unity of Isaiah. We glimpse the end many times before we finally arrive and rest there. 40–66 (see note on 36:1). His outline is very similar to Trent Hunter’s five-part sermon series. And it is divided into 39 chapters and 27 chapters, just like the two Testaments–old and new. 28–39) [5 Sermons], Part 4: After judgment—comfort while waiting for the king to return (Isa. In the first, Yahweh complains that His vineyard does not produce good fruit, while in chapter 27 He promises that His vineyard Jacob will take root, blossom, and fill the world with fruit (v. 6). “Salvation,” used three times in 12:2-3 is used another nine times in the final section. After chapter 49, the combination appears only twice in Isaiah (49:5-6). While Isaiah pronounces judgment upon Jerusalem (earthly Zion), his heavenly vision continues to promise Israel and the nations a servant-king who will come to bring salvation, by undergoing our judgment in our place (see Isaiah 53). 1–12) [5 Sermons], Part 2: Yahweh’s sovereignty in judgment and salvation of the world (Isa. The structure of Isaiah also argues for its unity. Also, send me the Evangelical Newsletter. The song of the unfruitiful vineyard (Isa 5:1-7) A(5:1-2) planted the choicest vines (5:2) (שׁפטו) B(5:3) … According to Isaiah 1:1, the prophet Isaiah’s career extended through the reigns of four kings in the southern kingdom of Judah: Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz and Hezekiah. This chart brings together Alec Motyer’s division between chapters 37 and 38 and combines it with the cyclical nature of Barry Webb’s seven-part outline. I’d be interested in your thoughts and questions. Trusting the Nations vs. Trusting the Word of YHWH, 6. 9:8 begins an address, a “word,” to Jacob that falls on Israel, and the combination of Jacob and Israel is used repeatedly in chapters 40-48 (40:27; 41:8, 14; 42:24; 44:1, 5, 21, 23; 45:4; 46:3; 48:1, 12). Please also opt me in for Exclusive Offers from Patheos’s Partners. The section unit of the book likewise focuses on the nations. Chapter 12 celebrates the Lord’s opening of the springs of salvation (v. 3), which are alluded to in 58:11. The oratorio's structure follows the liturgical year: Part I corresponding with Advent, Christmas, and the life of Jesus; Part II with Lent, Easter, the Ascension, and Pentecost; and Part III with the end of the church year—dealing with the end of time.The birth and death of Jesus are told in the words of the prophet Isaiah, the most prominent source for the libretto. The Structure of Isaiah The macro‑structure of Isaiah is, of course, 1‑35 (36‑39) and 40‑66. Isaiah has a curious structure. Isaiah shared with him and with the people the long-standing tradition that a special bond united Israel and its God. The poetic material includes a series of oracles in chs. Isaiah 1–12: Judgment and Hope for Jerusalem, Isaiah 13–27: Judgment and Hope for the Nations, Isaiah 28–39: The Rise and Fall of Jerusalem, Isaiah 49–55: The Servant Fulfills God’s Mission, Isaiah 56–66: The Servants Inherit God’s Kingdom. One more outline to mention is Peter Gentry’s. 1–35 and introduces chs. In his two videos he explains this map in full detail. 10:5-32/49:1-54:17: Chapter 10 is largely a woe against Assyria’s arrogance, but this haughtiness is embodied particularly in the arrogance of the “king of Assyria” (v. 12). Structure and concept. 36-39, the historical interlude that unites the two parts of the book (see Author). 1): Men Who Pray, Women Who Work, and The God Who Saves (1 Timothy 2:8–10), Feeding on the Lord: So Much More Than a Metaphor, Discipleship and the Church: 12 Quotes from Mark Dever's Book on Discipling, Writing Better, Writing More: Three Helpful Voices, 1. While I am still persuaded by Webb’s organization, there are good reasons for following Gentry’s also (or another of the other outlines too). Isaiah contains both prose and poetry; the beauty of its poetry is unsurpassed in the OT. These chapters compose a virtual handbook of theological arguments and doctrines. Isaiah 40‑66 constitutes one of the richest theological collections in the Hebrew Bible. The burden of the book (Isaiah 1-2) The Book’s title (Isaiah 1:1) Alas, a sinful nation (Isaiah 1:4) … Ironically, the prophet subsumes his own Jerusalem under both images. While his organization does not consider the city of Zion, it is a helpful place to begin and one that puts the reader on solid ground. But you should really watch the two videos to get the full effect of the book. As the structure of Isaiah reveals, the theological themes are apparent to the reader. He includes chapter 27 in the previous section, but in the light of my analysis of chapters 1-12, it seems best to include it here. In 9:10, the people of Ephraim and Samaria rebuild fallen altars and idolatrous temples with smooth stones and cedar, and in the idol polemics of chapters 40-48 Yahweh charges Israel with building and constructing false gods. 36–39 constitute a historical interlude, which concludes chs. The series of six woes in chapter 5 is interrupted by a narrative (chapters 6-9:7), and then a seventh woe follows in the following section (10:1) and then an additional woe against Assyria (10:5) that begins a new section. 13–27) [4 Sermons], Part 3: Back to reality—judgment, trust and signs of hope (Isa. The Literary Structure of Isaiah: Five Tour Guides to Help You Stay the Course January 13, 2020January 13, 2020 / davidsschrock The book of Isaiah is sixty-six books, just like the Bible. The Branch of chapter 11 points to the anointed Servant of chapter 61. Chapters 1–35 and 40–66 are predominantly verse, reflecting the powerful rhythmic style characteristic of prophetic preaching. It is followed by another three units (40:1–51:11; 51:12–55:13; and chapters 56–66) which end in the same way. Comfort and Redemption for Zion and the World, 7. Jesus Christ taught a The benefit of his this is that by keeping an outline in mind, it protects you from getting lost or discouraged in the long journey through Isaiah. Ultimately, these proposals for literary structure are not meant to confine us to one way of reading the text. View david.schrock.16’s profile on Facebook, Marriage and Sexuality: Design, Deviation, Devastation, and the Deliverer, The Prophecy of Isaiah: An Introduction and Commentary, The Book of Isaiah and God’s Kingdom: A Thematic-Theological Approach, How to Read and Understand the Biblical Prophets, Sinai and Zion: How Learning the Terrain of God’s Holy Hill Helps Us Read Isaiah, Let Us Fix Our Eyes on Heaven and the Christ Who Reigns There: A New Year’s Reflection on COVID Regulations and Social Justice, Jubilee Bells: A Christmas Meditation on God’s Redemption in Christ, The King Has Come: Two Christmas Sermons on the Kingdom of Christ, What Does It Mean That Jesus is the ‘Son of David’? If you know of any other resources or outlines to assist our reading of Isaiah, feel free to leave them in the comments. It anticipates the Babylonian crisis, which casts its shadow over the second half of the book. As is the case with nearly all the books of “the prophets,” the book of The book of Isaiah has been described as having “one of the most complex literary structures of the entire Old Testament.”1Its sixty-six chapters address issues facing Israel spanning hundreds of years and at least three empires. Under each point, Motyer includes many detailed subpoints (Isaiah, 5–8). While the other outlines are helpful, I am persuaded Webb’s sticks closest to the literary shape of Isaiah. A taunting song against the king of Babylon is found in 14:4-23. The imagery of peace among the animals appears in both chapter 11 and 65:25. Post was not sent - check your email addresses! What makes Abernathy’s outline helpful is the way that it unites the book around the themes of kingdom and service. Tim Mackie, the scholar behind The Bible Project, has provided a helpful visual map to Isaiah. (The first four columns are his; the last is my addition). Chs. 9:8-10:4/40:1-48:22: The connections between these sections are not obvious or particularly numerous, but there are several. There has been no consensus, however, about the structure of Isaiah 28-39 (if there is one) and the place (s) at which to divide the book. 739-690 B.C.). And when you finish, you can agree or disagree to read Isaiah in the way he has proposed. 32:5-8). Indeed, whenever we enter a new book of the Bible, one we do not know well, our best course of action is not to hide ourselves away in our room until we determine its meaning. Furthering our understanding of the key themes of king and servant, Andrew Abernathy  (The Book of Isaiah and God’s Kingdom: A Thematic-Theological Approach, 204–06) provides a helpful outline for pastors who are going to teach through this book. For a fuller treatment of this issue as it relates to the final form of the book as a whole, see John N. Oswalt, “Righteousness in Isaiah: A Study of the Function of Chapters 56-66 in the Present Structure of the Book,” in Writing and Reading the Scroll of Isaiah: Studies in an Interpretive Tradition, ed. The call narrative of chapter 6 seems to stand outside the structure, but there are close links between chapters 6 and 40. A wisdom poem is found in 28:23-29 (also cf. That is the message of the first oracle against the nations – the oracle against the king of Babylon, who exalted himself and then fell low. That also, in general, characterizes the shape of chapter 1. 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