One threat the animals and birds could detect was the odor of gas that oozed from the ancient vegetation compacted over the ages. More passenger air fares from other sources: Household items: Beds and mattresses, bedroom furniture, pillows, bedding. Shows salaries for officers, managers, clerks, operators, etc. "The sum of $4,000 will buy only a very modest home and even then it will have to be in one of the smaller citiesor in a remote suburb of a large city." In the words of the popular song Miners Lifeguard, written by a miner from Oak Hill, West Virginia: A miners life is like a sailors, Photographer + writer. Shows typical pay in stock companies, dramas, musical comedies, vaudeville and screen, from extras to Hollywood stars. Source: Hotel rates can often be found within the advertisements throughout the pages of the. Infant's: In West Virginia, where mineswere cut near the mountaintops, the overburden was looser and more prone to collapse than in the deeper shaft mines of the North. He later recalled his terror at being lost in a maze of underground rooms when his lamp went out. Source: Historical chart shows salaries of members of the U.S. Congress, along with dates of enactment and statutory authority for each pay increase. Source: "Income of Lawyers, 1929-1948" in the August 1949 issue of. Includes many brand names. Shows the weekly wages of various occupations in Swiss farming as well as the daily wages of day laborers. It was a dreadful experience Booker T. Washington never forgot. Source: 1934 Statistical Abstract of the United States. Shows price list of one California retailer. This mammoth work lists typical earnings as well as job descriptions and working conditions for thousands of occupations just before the Great Depression. Time became important to managers as they changed their labor model. Source: Lists minimum and maximum daily wages for male and female workers. Miners spent their entire shift underground, taking lunch, drinks, and snacks with them. 484. After the top fell, they returned to break and load the fallen coal before another layer of the top came crashing down with a tremendous roar. COST OF LIVING April 26, 1942. Instead of paying miners by the ton, they hired them as employees and paid an hourly wage. In the hand-loading era, an underground miners workplace, usually called a room, was only as high as the coal seam. ), athletic gear, boxing, baseball, & tennis supplies, Prices of articles bought by farmers, 1909-1924, Prices paid by farmers for household items, 1910-1960, Clothing prices paid by farmers, 1910-1960, Women's clothing catalog - B. Altman & Co., Summer 1920. Data is broken out byoccupation, sex and district. In the US, coal mining is a shrinking industry. Then, with their lamps casting a dim yellow light on the dark hillside, the men and boys disappeared one by one into the hole, like ants entering a colony. Source: Shows wages by occupation in Belfast, Cork, Glasgow, Dundee, Cardiff, London, Manchester and more. Source: Extensive article provides wage detail by occupation and city. Shows family expenditures by category. 525. Wages are listed in Mexican currency with exchange rate for calculating amounts in U.S. dollars. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. Bathroom: Shows prices for articles of clothing sold in 35 retailer shops in twelve cities. Report published in 1921 tells wages for women working in offices, in meat and poultry packing, restaurants, food manufacturing, clothing manufacturing, laundries, and more. Prices on pp. Source: For each college, this table shows tuition for residents and non-residents by course of study. Lists wages paid to auto mechanics, office workers, window cleaners, barbers and hairdressers, bartenders in saloons, domestic servants, people working in social agencies, and more. The miners called this unpaid labor company work.. Compares 1927 and 1913 earnings. Sporting goods: It provided a $1.20-a- day wage increase effective Jan, and an increase of 80 cents a day beginning April 1, 1959. Fixtures, chamberpots, bathroom soaps, towels, toilet paper. Source: BLS, Shows the average price of foodstuffs and other common goods in the federal district of Mexico. Every day his lifes in danger, Taken from the 1921 U.S. Department of Agriculture Yearbook, starting on page 804. "75 Years of American Finance: A Graphic Presentation 1861-1935" Coal mining is a dangerous job requiring skill and judgment. $32k - $76k. As former miner Gary Bentley of Kentucky remarked in a recent New York Times article, Its not going to make a comeback. He also learned not to scare the miners beloved pigeons or to be afraid of mine rats, because these creatures could sense danger coming before it struck. Prices are shown in Japanese yen. Describes the labor policy of Mexico in the 1920's and throughout the rest of the early 20th century. Source: BLS. Source: BLS, Shows the hourly wages for men and women in Finnish unions. Shows the average daily wages paid to masons, electricians, bricklayers, bakers, blacksmiths and more. Wages are shown in 1930 US dollars. Boys learned the mining craft from their fathers and later passed this knowledge on to their own sons. Industries and occupations included are toilers, manufacturing, construction, mining, and more. Source: The cost of living among wage-earners, Cincinnati OH, pp. Source: U.S. Bureau of Education. Source: U.S. Congressional Serial Set vol. Before the days of electric cars, many boys served as mule drivers. A trapper like Frank had to pay close attention to his duties, opening and closing the doors regularly to keep the air moving and to allow coal cars to pass back and forth. Source: This short article about wages in Nanking, China reports barbers' earnings in US dollars. Then the men and boys would gather their tools and trudge down the mountainside to their little cabins to wash off the coal dust that smudged their faces, necks, arms, and hands, and to sit down for an evening meal. Prices shown in marks. When the smoke cleared, the collier and his buddy would swing their picks to break up large clumps of coal and shovel the smaller lumps into a mine car; it was back-aching work made more painful by the narrowness of the room. Also shows the averagecost to rent farm landor pastures by the acre, by county. A standard tune in miners lore began with lyric, Youve been docked and docked again, boys / Youve been loading two for one, and asked what the miner had to show for working so hard. This risk increased enormously when inexperienced miners failed to undercut the coal before blasting and took the risk of shooting on the solid.. Wages are expressed in both foreign currency and dollars. Regardless of what their state government might or might not do to protect them, the miners of West Virginia had to rely on themselves and their buddies, rather than on company fire bosses and state mine inspectors, whose numbers were few and whose visits were infrequent. Typewriters, school supplies, office supplies, fountain pens, more fountain pens, books, drawing sets, home office furniture. These figures are shown by occupation, sex, and region. And your eye upon the scale! The failure of a mine boss to dampen the coal dust was the reason the Red Ash mine blew up in 1905, killing thirteen men and boys on Fire Creek. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin #682, chapter 9: "Monthly earnings of professional engineers," pp. 8836. 408, Shows the wages of a variety of occupations in the capital of Argentina. Shows firemen salaries for 25 American cities including New York City, Chicago, New Orleans, Indianapolis, Buffalo, Boston, Detroit, Cleveland, St. Louis, Kansas City and more. Scroll forward and back to see the various cities for which average food prices are available. MERCHANDISE This bibliography lists reports that show income, budgets, consumer expenditures, etc. Includes wage data for Chicago as well. Took into account additional sources of income for farm families, such as income derived from animals or investments. Shows wages for common and semi-skilled workers in manufacturing and construction industries, in baking, agriculture, metal and printing trades. Data gathered by the National Industrial Conference Board (a group of industry associations) which used European government publications for information. Teacher salaries for. In 1925, motor vehicles were scrapped at an average age of 6.5 years. Veteran colliers knew competitive individualism bred greed, hostility, thievery, and a disregard for mine safety. The strike was officially called to a halt on March the 3rd 1985. Trump blames his predecessors environmentalism for the loss of jobs in Appalachia, but the reality is a long-running product of market forces, not liberal tree-hugging. 294-295. Prices are shown in Swiss francs. HOUSING, FARMS and UTILITIES Details the price of various building materials on pp. Created by Grove Atlantic and Electric Literature, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Google+ (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window), A Novel of Putin's Russia That Got Its Writer Beaten Up, What Should You Read Next? Published by the National Industrial Conference Board. Management's steam whistle now set the times. Without a match he walked, hands held in front of his body, until, by chance, someone found him and gave him a light. 5-6. Using a thin iron needle about the thickness of a pencil, he shoved a cartridge of black powder into the hole and pushed a little clay into the hole with a damper; then he carefullywithdrew the needle and inserted a wick of waxed paper, a squib, that would burn down to the black powder. Calvin & Hobbes creator Bill Watterson is back. Source: Shows lawyers' incomes instates and regions, by size of community served, by the age of the lawyer, number of years in practice, etc. The survey covered 114 different cotton mills in 12 different state, and generally divides tables by occupation, sex, and year or occupation, sex, and state. (Click image for detail), Marie Concannon, Government Information Librarian Shows average wages by industry in both rubles and US currency. Compensationby job titlefor New York City, Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, San Francisco and more cities. Fearful of the danger, frightened by the blackest darkness he could imagine, and repelled by the coal dust that clung to him like a layer of skin, Washington vowed to get an education and rise out of the coal pits, just as he had risen up from slavery.. See "Blood donation" in. 59-71. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review (September 1932). Managers worried about competition, costs, and controlling workers who spoke multiple languages and labored out of view. Source: BLS, Shows wages of various industrial and agricultural gender, in both Romanian leu and contemporary U.S. dollars. Frank Keeney wanted to be a first-class tonnage man because he needed to support his widowed mother and two sisters, along with his new wife, a fair teenager named Bessie Meadows, an Eskdale girl who wanted to become a schoolteacher. Phone (573) 882-0748. Occupations included are limited before 1916. In 1927, "$30 per month was taken as the average minimum expenditure for rent in Boston for the [working class] family of four living on the American standard.". Source: BLS, Shows the average wages of Spanish agricultural workers in different cities. See answers (2) Best Answer. Industrial home work was most common in clothing manufacturing and tobacco industries (rolling cigars, etc.) By 2003 that number had dipped to just 70,000. Use "search in this text" feature to navigate (or contact us for assistance). Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review, July 1930. Shows wage data by manufacturing categories for 1914, 1919, 1921, and 1923. Between 1880 and 1920, southern West Virginias population grew from 93,000 to 446,000, due almost entirely to the coal industry. Source: BLS. Check the, Shows the daily rate of Utah coal mining workers in a variety of jobs and occupations. Telephones, radios, cameras, kitchen ranges, home electric appliances, record players, music records, sewing machines, fabrics, clothes washers, laundry supplies, vacuum sweepers. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review (June 1931), Shows the average hours and daily wages of various workers in quarries, sawmills, and many other industries throughout Virginia. Women's: Dining room: The lawmakers apparently agreed with West Virginias Republican governor, G. W. Atkinson, who said in 1901: It is but the natural course of mining events that men should be injured and killed by accidents.. This calculator allows you to compare the buying power of wages earned at different points in history. over the years. Jump directly to prices for: meats and eggs, butter, cheese, milk, bread and flour, corn meal, rice, potatoes, granulated sugar, coffee and tea, onions, navy beans, prunes, raisins, canned salmon, evaporated milk, margarine, lard, oats, corn flakes, wheat cereal, macaroni, canned baked beans, canned corn, canned peas, canned tomatoes, bananas, oranges, and more. One statute required operators to print maps of their mines, but it excluded any provisions for enforcing this requirement. This earlier catastrophe outraged Mother Jones, who spoke of it often on her organizing campaign that year, and it had triggered public pressure to improve the states mine safety laws. Wages are shown in Italian lire. Read more Employment in coal mining industry in the United Kingdom (UK) 1920-2021 . Shows pay for those involved in "1st class New York City productions" including actors of various levels (from chorus to leads) as well as directors, designers, scene painters, stage hands, etc. Next came preparations for extracting the coal. Source: Report of the Salary survey commission to the Pennsylvania General assembly, 1929. Source: Teachers' salaries and salary trends in 1923. Some picked slate and other debris out of the coal on fast-moving conveyor belts. Religious organizations -Salaries, 1929in. In 1984 there were 174 deep coal mines in the UK by 1994 - the year the industry was finally privatized - there were just 15 left. Report published in 1927 includes extensive wage data for women in Tennessee by race, industry, education, and more, circa 1925. Source: BLS, Shows the average daily wages and hours of a variety of occupations in Madrid. For example, the 1920 volume gives rates in Ohio and Minnesota, Illinois and Indiana, and more. Shows the average weekly hours and hourly wages for workers in the boot and shoe industry. The regions first coal miners primarily were African Americans, both enslaved and free. At suppertime, youngsters like Frank would sit with the men on a pile of slate and listen as veterans of the mine would sing songs, spin yarns, and tell jokes; they would rib the boys, trick them for laughs, and tell them tall tales of the devilish apparitions that appeared to them down in the hole. Link navigates to a record containing multiple years worth of this publication. Expressed in pounds, shillings, and pence. After the Civil War, industrialization meant a nearly limitless demand for anthracite and bituminous coal, and hundreds of thousands of new jobs spurred a population boom in the region, which stretches from western New York state to Alabama. Discussion covers the history of minimum wage legislation in Australia, New Zealand, Great Britain, Canada, South Africa, Mexico, France, Norway, Argentina, Germany, Spain, Switzerland, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Uruguay, Hungary, Poland, Italy, and Rumania (Romania) up to 1928. Red Ash mine was also the location of a disaster in 1900, which killed forty-six miners. Details the prices of appliances, furniture, and more household items on pp. Copy. Shows the average weekly and hourly wages of different occupations in the Missouri shoe industry between 1913-1922. $20.00 per week. Wages shown in contemporary US dollars. West Virginias mine safety laws were the weakest in the nation. Shows wages and hours for union bricklayers, building laborers, carpenters, cement finishers,hod carriers, inside wiremen, painters, plasterers, plumbers, stonecutters and more. 664. Shows breakouts for automobile manufacture, cigar making, boots/shoe making, men's clothing, iron/steel and more. See table 164 for average annual wage. Engineers used anemometers to measure airflow within mines. Fascinating book that shows various imported items (such as kid gloves, bloomers, silk nightgown, men's pipe, electric flatiron, glass lamp, etc.) 162-207. Even the most skilled miners could not detect the presence of kettle bottoms, the petrified remains of huge ancient tree trunks that could plunge through the roofs and crush workers. Table 26 shows wages for laborers with board for every year from 1780-1937; the, In the 1920s, people could sell their blood to hospitals for$35-50 perquart. Working in coal mines is dangerous miners have to deal with toxic . Meanwhile, his wife Mary operated the Nellis boarding house for foreign-born miners. Boys discovered that serious men turned into jokers when they toiled underground. This answer is: Study guides. Lists ticket prices in NYC, Boston, Philadelphia, Cleveland and eight more cities in NY, PA, OH and MA. Prices are shown in either contemporary US dollars or Chinese coppers. Click "more" for direct links to wages in each occupation. Typical compensation for directors, camera men, editors and more in, Shows typical earnings for reporters, feature writers, sports editors and others, in. Data was originally published in the Industrial Bulletin of the State Department of Labor. Source: Women's Bureau Bulletin #85. Includes both land and buildings. By the 1940s, the United Mine Workers union had established better wages and somewhat safer conditions for miners, though a contentious relationship between workers and bosses persisted. Shows dollar amount and % of total budget spent on various categories of goods and services, broken out by urban/rural families. Shows salaries for sevenoccupations inpolice departments of 25American cities. In the late 1800s mining was rough physical labor. Sometimes they hired guards or brought in government troops to maintain order and control strikers. Farm laborers in Missouri earned an average $41.90/month in 1921. House paints, paint brushes, doors & windows, wrench sets, home improvement tools, steel safes, fencing, garden tools, wrenches & other assorted tools, water pumps, plows, milk cans, gasoline-powered generators. PRICES in FOREIGN COUNTRIES, WAGES -- GENERAL SOURCES (all occupations and worker types), WAGES in AIRPLANE and AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURING, 1920s. Wages are shown in Sweden kronor. Totals are shown in Canadian dollars. In the 1920s decade, 8% to 12%of peopleaged18-21enrolled incollege. Email: concannonm@missouri.edu Source: BLS, Shows the daily wages of workers in the glass factories of northern France. Source: U.S. Federal Trade Commission report. Covers New York City, New Jersey towns, Fall River MA, Cleveland, Chicago, Dallas, San Francisco and Portland OR. At the far end of the room, the miner lay down on his side and cut under the bottom of the coal face with his pick, inching his way into the cut and hoping the coal was hard enough not to collapse on him. An open flame provided the only light, and the cloth cap barely kept lamp soot away. Every workingman was supposed to have his turn when it came to getting an empty coal car, because each collier deserved an equal opportunity to get his load to the weigh station. in FOREIGN COUNTRIES, FOOD Source: BLS, Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. First, the men had topush an empty coal car up wooden rails that they had installed on their own time. Shows the average daily wages of workers in various industries in Riga as well as other parts of Latvia. Some occupations covered include telephone operators, waitresses, hotel maids, chambermaids, elevator girls, laundry workers, retail clerks, and factory workers in the wood working industry. continue to render these kinds of occupations obsolete. Wages shown in 1930 US dollars. It also summarizes the years from 1907-1922. The need to correct these abuses led the UMWA to demand the employment of a check-weigh man whom the miners could trust. Shows expenditures among rural Virginia families for food, housing, clothing, automobiles, health insurance, recreation, personal items and more. Source: BLS, Shows the daily wages for various occupations in Tokyo. Source: Median wages for butlers, chauffeurs, gardeners, furnace men and "house men" employed to work in private households in Philadelphia in the late 1920s. College professor salaries, 1928 (Source: AAUP report). Source: The cost of living in twelve industrial cities, p. 63. Wages are shown in Latvian rubles. Covers Great Britain, France, Belgium, Germany, Sweden, Norway, Switzerland, Italy and Austria. Survey covered only white families over a certain. Data gathered by the National Industrial Conference Board using foreign government sources. During the early 1900s, roof falls in the bituminous coal mines killed an average of 886 workers every year, as compared with the 274 deaths per year caused by explosions and fires. A strong, skilled coal loader might fill five or more cars in a day. The laborer's work is often made difficult by the water and rock which are found' in large quantities in coal veins. Source: BLS, Shows the earnings over different times for both government employees and manual workers in Hamburg. Appalachias traditionally small, locally owned mines started merging with larger energy firms in the 1960s, and by 1970 bituminous coal employment had dropped to 140,000 people from its 1923 peak of 740,000. Miners left their pits to fight the attempt of the Thatcher government to close the collieries, break the miners' union and the labour movement in general, and open the way to a free market economy in which deregulated financial capitalism would be set free by the Big Bang of 1986. Provides detailed breakouts by occupation. Wages are shown in Japanese yen. The correct use of explosives depended on the miners skill and knowledge of how to drill, how much powder to use, and how to damp a charge properly. Believed to be the worst coal mine disaster ever, an explosion at the Bnxh mine in Liaoning province killed 1,549 people in 1942. These deposits could produce firedamp, which contained methane and sometimes carbon dioxide that seeped out of the coal seams. Details the price of clothing for men, women, boys and girls on pp. Each table spans 2 book pages, and row labels only show on even-numbered pages.