A grant of land made by Spain to a settler as an indentured servant in the Americas and Philippines, including the right to use Native Americans as . general Unit 1: Global Tapestry. Topic 4.7 - Changing Social Hierarchies from 1450-1750; Topic 4.8 - Continuity and Change from 1450 to 1750; Unit 4 Unit 4: Transoceanic Connections, 1450 - 1750 Topic 4.8 - Continuity and Change . rebellions these people became overtly rich with the Spanish. Maritime trade would prove to be far more economically efficient. state/empire Mughal Empire tomb dedicated to a shah's wife, Hindu practice of suicide of widows by jumping on husband's pyre, Finished the process of expelling Mongols - centralized czar's power, Russian nobility, resisted attempts at modernization, Russian ruler who westernized Russia - desired warm water port. No other European merchants could enter Japanthose that tried were executed. North of the Spanish territory, the French and British were fueling their rivalry as they competed for land and control of resources. If you controlled one of these territories, you were legally allowed to force indigenous people to pay taxes, work for you, or provide other goods or services. Absolute legal ownership of another person, including the right to buy or sell that person; the form of slavery utilized in the Americas during the trans-Atlantic slave trade. lose significance? Without the slave trade, African kingdoms would have continued to strengthen and could have prevented centuries of turmoil in the region. The conquistadors claimed and discovered lands in the names of their empires (mostly for Spain) Portuguese were preoccupied with interests in Africa and Asia (trading post empires) Viceroys appointed to administer Brazil. How did issues and tensions emerging from World War I create the anger and violence of $1919$. The Portuguese set up the first plantation in the Americas in Brazil. Learn. As monarch power grew, the people pushed for democracy values. #traderace. ShoeCrafter,Inc.\textbf{Shoe Crafter, Inc.} Before 1450, Europeans did not play a prominent role on the global stage, but after 1450, Europeans were the main puppeteers of the global economy. 3. They would kidnap slaves and trade them to Europeans in exchange for wealth and guns, which made local rivalries far more violent. The demographic effects of the slave trade in Africa were unprecedented. While there were some enslaved workers, hacienda owners paid most workers poverty wages. An external challenge to the state usually comes from neighboring states or other colonizing forces in the region. The Commercial Revolution was the expansion of trade and commerce across Europe. Terms in this set (81) . Match. Largely a kingdom of city-states that worked for mutual benefit, the Maya were able to build large temples, cities, and trade networks. What did Spain and Portugal still have control of? Indigenous communities were originally enslaved, but they were not a viable long term plan for free/cheap labor. The bourgeoisie class grew. Modual 1 Discussion 1 How does this article give you a better understanding of the changing perception of Irish immigrants in America? Unit IV Important Changes and Continuities 14, World History and Geography: Modern Times. In the end his voyage was the first to circumnavigate the world. After their terms of service ended, most indentured servants stayed in the Americas. Europeans wanted slaves, and this led to the Atlantic Slave Trade. Labor systems are the types of labor and work done by workers. Adam Smith . England was a majority Protestant country, but had a Catholic minority. The English. Muslim merchants continued to travel on trade routes, as they had done in the past centuries. How did the Atlantic Slave Trade impact the economy? profits of their land. the labor of conquered non-Christian The Russian Serfdom was a system similar European colonizers who traveled to the Americas blazed new and disturbing paths, such as the encomienda system of forced labor and the use of tens of thousands of Africans as slaves. 4. Europeans had far less impact on the economic systems in Asia. They gave lower class white workers. slowly gave rise to hereditary slavery, which slave owners took . Spanish and Portuguese Empires. Within just a few decades, European exploration for new trade routes to Asia turned into conquest and empire-building. The Portuguese led the way to Sub-Saharan Africa and present-day China, India, Indonesia, but their first to market advantage didnt last long. However, natives could easily escape. in debt to continue working on a piece of African peoples were What is the Protestant Reformation? With over 1500 different dialects, most slaves did not share a common language, which meant that native tongues were lost over time. 1. The work included various tasks like growing food for those who lived in cities, building food storage, or repairing infrastructure. Americans on that land, but could demand free labor from them in exchange. That status was finally ended in 1827 and all the indentured obtained full freedom. These systems pushed indigenous peoples aside, took their land and resources, and exploited them for European gain. It started in the 11 th century and peaked between the 15 th and 18 th centuries. issued by Alexander II. As of January 1, 2020, Abernethys land had a fair value of$90,000, its buildings were valued at $160,000, and its equipment was appraised at$180,000. The Columbian Exchange also had an enormous effect on the environment. . A type of labor commonly used in feudal systems in which the laborers work the land in return for protection but they are bound to the land and are not allowed to leave or to peruse their a new occupation. grandson of Babur; ruled the Mughal Empire from 1556-1605. 4. Sutton Company has two employees handling acquisitions of inventory. During that time, however, the market in Country XYZ has outperformed all other markets, even our own. role/pur. Moreover, the lord could choose freely among serfs for army recruits, who had to serve for twenty-five years, and he could punish a serf with deportation to Siberia. 52 terms. A worker bound by a voluntary agreement to work for a specified period of years often in return for free passage to an overseas destination. New major trade network (Atlantic) Increase in the importance of trade-based wealth vs. land- based wealth. Between 1450 and 1750 there were several examples of states attempting this balancing act. Chattel slavery: Societies throughout history have used slave labor. In Asia, Muslims were all on top of trade until they gave it away to Europeans. Disease wiped out most of the population and many that were left were able to escape because of superior knowledge of the land. 95 Theses. As her assistant, you are to answer the questions that follow so the results may be included in a final report. most commonly known as slavery. They introduced large-scale cash-crop agriculture, which had not previously existed in the Americas. On September 19, 1676, they burned the colonial capital of Jamestown, Virginia to the ground. Between 1450 and 1750, the Americas began to mark their place in the world, proving they were just as relevant as Europe, Africa, or Asia. Between 1450 and 1750, the Americas began to mark their place in the world, proving they were just as relevant as Europe, Africa, or Asia. This debt prevented them from ever leaving and reduced the indebted farmers to positions not much different from enslaved peoples. Learn faster with . The labor systems established during 1450-1750 were key factors in how they were able to do so. Despite some disruption and restructuring due to the arrival of Portuguese, Spanish, and Dutch merchants, existing trade networks in the Indian Ocean continued to flourish and included intra-Asian trade and Asian merchants. community-driven projects like extensive In the Atlantic, the consistent trade from Europe to Africa to the Americas and back to Europe was known as. Spanish and it rewarded conquerors with Latisha Tally is the company's computer specialist and oversees its computerized payroll system. peasants of Russia) were sold with the land Santeria - West African faith + Roman Catholicism. More from Heimler's History:AP World History ULTIMATE REVIEW PACKET: https://www.ultimatereviewpacket.com/courses/world-historyAP Essay CRAM Course: https://. This music would later influence many genres including gospel, blues, jazz, rock n roll, hip hop, reggae, and samba. began, It remained in use until 1917 after first Feudalism was a social, economic, and political system that was prevalent in Europe during the Middle Ages. Monopoly control allowed him to control the prices Europeans had to pay. In the Americas, Indigenous groups rebelled against European conquest. Some women, such as Roxelana, climbed the social ladder from slave to wife of the Ottoman ruler Suleiman the Great. The Russian nobility, known as. Many people who left their villages for mita labor under the Spanish never returned. katiekins93. Inflation as a result of increase in gold and silver. 1861 was when the serfdom officially ended Economic systems include what types of goods societies produce, how they produce them, and how wealth and resources and wealth are across the population. New diseases, crops, people, and cultures were distributed throughout the world. This kept more money in the bank at any given time. This is a constant in world history. Study Economic Systems, 1450-1750 flashcards from Jennifer Zhang's class online, or in Brainscape's iPhone or Android app. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like THESIS for Explain changes and continuities in systems of slavery in the period from 1450 to 1750., first evidence for Explain changes and continuities in systems of slavery in the period from 1450 to 1750., second evidence for Explain changes and continuities in systems of slavery in the period from 1450 to 1750. and more. A number of acts passed by both the American and the British governments fostered the decline of indentures. Asians Continued to be the dominant economic force in the Indian Ocean region. New syncretic religions emerged that blended native and colonial traditions. . Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Henry the Navigator, caravel, Bartholomew Dias and more. Throughout East Asia, the development of Neo-Confucianism solidified a cultural identity. Learn. The Sultans ruled the top of the pyramid and had powers to grant rewards to favored groups, such as soldiers. Ottoman society was complex. Click the card to flip . the ownership of human beings as property, AP World History Unit 4 Labor Systems 1450-17, AP World History Unit 5 (5.1 & 5.2) : Revolut, AverageHiringCost,PerHire,ByCategory, Information Technology Project Management: Providing Measurable Organizational Value, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, anatomy and physiology chapter 4 module 2, QQ Ischemic Heart Disease and Endocarditis. The Columbian Exchange depleted Amerindian populations. This is whats known as the. Encomienda and hacienda were quasi (partially) feudal systems imposed by the Spanish on indigenous peoples in the Caribbean and other Spanish-conquered lands in the Americas and the Philippines. Thematic Focus: Social Interactions and Organization Essential Question: In what ways did slavery labor systems change and stay the same as trade networks expanded between 1450 and 1750? Example: [1]For more than fifty years, Thurgood Marshall worked After Zheng Hes explorations, the Ming dynasty retreated into isolationist policies. Relative to the total population. Learn. Some images used in this set are licensed under the Creative Commons through Flickr.com.Click to see the original works with their full license. In addition, forced labor was an important constant . By 1450, more people were migrating in search of religious tolerance and economic opportunities. Unit 4: Labor Systems, 1450 - 1750 C. Encomienda Chattel Slavery Russian Serfdom Define the labor system Include the general role/purpose Were there revolts or rebellions associated with it? government intervened in the market to protect domestic industries, companies organized commercial ventures by allowing investors to buy and sell shares which shared the risk of business ventures. _____. Slowed population growth also weakened economic production. During this time, Muslim merchants established themselves further in North Africa and the Indian Ocean, which is why Islam is a dominant religion in those regions. Encomienda: Spanish monarchs gave control over large territories (encomienda) to people they felt had served Spain and the monarchyusually successful conquistadors. How did new technology lead to changes in trade & travel? as the workers began to defend their rights Mexico and Peru. How was the development of Maritime Empires influenced by ethnic divisions and racist institutions? Swift Ellis, Inc., manufactures running shoes. Their technological advancements caused them to emerge as a gunpowder empire with their hands on trade. Land-based empires were more dominant politically and land-based trade was focused on land-based empires. The buying and selling of slaves to transport across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas. On the backs of millions of slaves, sugar eventually outpaced silver as the most profitable good at the time. Mita under the Spanish: Under the Spanish, Mita became a system of exploitation. 2. infinitive phrase. Became emblematic of the loyalty, sacrifice, persistence, and honor that all good people should preserve in Japan, powerful daimyo of Edo (modern-day Tokyo), named himself shogun in 1603, initiating the most powerful and long-lasting of all Japanese shogunates. Labor systems were more intense during this time period and they were used more. Key Concepts: 4.3.II.C. The check software/printer, which is not password protected, is on the owner's desk in an office that contains company checks and is normally unlocked. Families were separated and there was a gender imbalance because more men were taken than women. The expansion of trade on a global scale expanded both the upper elite class and the lower labor class. During the time period between 1450 and 1750 C.E., the two hemispheres were linked and for the first time in world history, long-distance trade became truly worldwide. AverageHiringCost,PerHire,ByCategory. The colonists defeated the Natives after 14 months of bloody rebellion. Explain the continuities and changes in economic systems and labor systems from 1450 to 1750. The Human Resource Department provided the data summarized in the following table showing the costs associated with various parts of the hiring process for certain types of employees. revolts However in 1675, Metacom mounted one last effort to drive the British off the Native land. The Mughals in India were open to trade with Europeans and the, The Spanish and Portuguese divided up the lands of the Americas before they even explored or conquered any of it. American Food Services, Inc., leased a packaging machine from Barton and Barton Corporation. In the Spanish and Portuguese colonies, things were different. Test. The following graph illustrates the combination of capital and labor (point A) that minimizes the firms cost of producing 5,000 pairs of shoes. Like in the Eastern Atlantic, they focused on sugar cane production. Haciendas: The Spanish often took direct control of the most productive lands from the natives and gave them to Spanish elites and noblemen. In New Mexico, the encomienda system granted elite Spanish settlers far greater rights in the labor of Pueblo villagers, but the Pueblos retained crucial legal rights. During 2021, Abernethy reported net income of $110,000 while declaring and paying dividends of$30,000. The Atlantic Slave Trade sold slaves but when in Africa, Europeans struck and traded tons of gold. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Jewish communities faced increased, Jews of Spanish descent that migrated to North Africa and the Middle East are referred to as Sephardic. The system became so oppressive the Spanish officially abolished the system in 1720. The most common destination for slaves was Brazil because sugar was so harsh to cultivate that the lifespan of slaves was extremely short (5-10% of slaves died every year). By the 1670s, the colonists and Natives had largely co-existed. [2]to protect the rights of all people in the United States. contradict the hypothesis that 2\sigma^22 = 50? Marker Theater has a computerized order-taking system for its tickets. Europeans introduced exploitative labor systems to maximize commercial profits. Different treatment for different children also must be taken into account when considering how a person's gender helps to determine personality. there For each of these five separate cases, identify the principle(s) of internal control that is violated. After their conquest of the Americas, Europeans established new economic systems across the region. Prepare the appropriate journal entries on December 31, 2018. Social classes in the Americas were based on race, which is a pivotal difference from the rest of the world. 3. Some images used in this set are licensed under the Creative Commons through Flickr.com.Click to see the original works with their full license. the increase in input prices. Economic Trends 1450-1750. Plantation agriculture and mining operations require a lot of workers. Recommend what the business should do to ensure adherence to principles of internal control. Spanish settlers in the Caribbean set up the encomienda system, a form of forced labor, in which Spaniards demanded labor from conquered Native inhabitants. They were called Cossacks. The spread of Islam into East Asia. Cash crop agriculture: Europeans first produced cash crops on large commercial plantations on the islands (Canary, Cape Verde, and the Azores) of the Western African coast in the 15th century. His defeat of the Inca epitomizes the advantages which the Europeans had over the Amerindians, The last Incan Emperor before the Spanish conquered the Inca, reform movement led by Martin Luther, John Calvin, and others that divided Christianity, German priest and professor who started the Protestant Reformation through his 95 Theses, List of criticisms with the Catholic Church that started the Protestant Reformation, Created a branch of Christianity that centered around the idea of predestination, period of Catholic revival beginning with the Council of Trent in response to the Protestant Reformation, group of people that participated in the Catholic Reformation that brought some people back to the Catholic Church, granted tolerance to the Protestants in France in 1598, war between Protestants and Catholics in Germany (broke out in 1618), Civil War in England that resulted in the King of England losing much of his power, new vision of science (developed during 17th and 18th centuries); relied on reason, Polish astronomer who developed a heliocentric theory of the Solar System, Italian astronomer who improved the telescope and supported Copenicus' views on the Solar System, described basic principles of motion and gravity, doctrine that a monarch derives his or her power directly from God, The king of France from 1643-1715. Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word. As the slave trade expanded, some African Kings participated and shared profits. began due to this system. or even marry without consent. His voyages across the Atlantic Ocean led to general European awareness of the American continents, agreement which divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Spain and Portugal, Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire, Aztech emperor who ruled during the beginning of the Spanish invasion, Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incan Empire. Spain, Portugal, and the creation of a global economy (Opens a modal) Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment. The demand for exploration led to new technological innovations. The days' sales in inventory ratio is calculated by dividing cost of goods sold by the average merchandise AbdielMendez. a form of government where the monarch has the power to rule their land freely, with no laws or legally-organized direct opposition in force. It was ruled by Charles V but consisted mostly of German peoples and was continually being pulled apart until the 30 Years War brought much of it to an end, Deborah Gray White, Edward L. Ayers, Jess F. de la Teja, Robert D. Schulzinger, World History and Geography: Modern Times. The Atlantic Slave Trade was expanded to supply labor throughout the colonies. Many of the core areas of the West transformed; governments increased their powers, science became the focus of intellectual life. The Cossacks under Yemelyan Pugachev rebelled against, South Asia, which includes modern-day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, has a majority population of Hindus and a strong minority of Muslims. Abolishment of the slave trade and use of slaves in the 19th century led to a need for new cheap sources of labor and hence changes in migration. Peter the Great built up Russian military by using peasants to serve. Terms in this set (10) Coercion. The most immediate effect on indigenous communities was the massive depopulation caused by disease. Labor given annually to the state (or political and religious elites) for the construction and maintenance of roads, bridges, temples . Following Union victory in May 1685, along with Explain the continuities and changes in economic systems and labor systems from 1450-1750. The European Commercial Revolution. Frost's investment adviser has recommended an increased international equity exposure. Newly developed colonial economies in the Americas largely depended on agriculture, utilized existing labor systems, including the Incan mita, and introduced new labor systems including chattel slavery, indentured servitude, and encomienda and hacienda systems. The changes in economic policy and increased trade led to innovations in finances, business, and banking. In the period 900 to 1500 C.E., the Ottomans and the Aztecs were similar in that both peoples were. The last country to officially abolish slavery was Mauritania in 1981.Nevertheless, there are an estimated 40.3 million people worldwide subject to some form of modern slavery. Flashcards. Created by. All of the ethnic combinations created new social classes organized by race with Europeans the top. Assume that Chapman Company acquired Abernethys common stock for $490,000 in cash. nothing large enough for. or when did it Flashcards. The Tokugawa Shogunate in Japan only allowed the Dutch to trade in Japan through one port. Labor system used by the Spanish, used the help of the non-Christian natives for hard manual labor. as the right to own property, or a business, Unit: 1450 - 1750 Renaissance and Reformation. the They challenged ideas, originally indicted by the Church. The Spanish. Music was a key factor for survival in many slave communities. For example, the Kongo was in decline. with the Emancipation Manifesto (March 3rd The Scientific Revolution, The Protestant Reformation, The Enlightenment all changed Europe. The explosion of the slave trade seriously weakened African kingdoms that had been on the rise before this time. Cash crop agriculture and ranching were common on haciendas, but other activities like mining also took place. Sold as goods. 3. The last stand against colonization was led by Metacom, also known as his colonial name King Phillip. road work and military service. A surge in agricultural productivity resulted from new methods in crop and field rotation and the introduction of new crops. Islam was still being spread. Ultimately, the exchange of new food staples increased the population of Africa, but in parts of West Africa, the population suffered as people were taken. In the Americas, the Spanish established the e, Meanwhile, the silver trade was insanely profitable for the Spanish and the mines at. Production later expanded to include crops like. role/purpose Explain how rulers employed economic strategies to consolidate and maintain power from 1450-1750. development by the Europeans, this system is For example, gunpowder developed by the Chinese changed the method of conquest and made its way through South Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. However, it was a process of trial and error, since labor systems saw manyshow more content. Label this combination point B. slaves were sold like trade goods. Prepare the journal entry for American Food Services at the beginning of the lease on January 1, 2016. How did the Columbian Exchange impact the Americas? Even as serfdom was abolished across Europe, Russian serfs were tied to the land through strict laws that had no opportunity for freedom. The economy leaned more towards capitalism. The unsuccessful attempt by the British Empire to establish diplomatic relations with the Qing Empire. They also introduced new labor systems Demographic and Environmental Changes. Both groups would experience a, In Russia, the social classes were similar to the rest of Europe, except that they continued to practice serfdom. results of this forced labor system. slavery was officially and effectively ended in European introduced labor systems included various types of. Suppose both the wage rate and the rental price of machinery doubles. Not "intended" to be slave system, but essentially was. process of building European colonies in the Unit 4: Labor Systems, 1450 - 1750 C. Encomienda Chattel Slavery Russian Serfdom Define the labor system Include the general role/purpose Were there revolts or rebellions associated with it? 1450-1750 Early Modern Period. associated with Meanwhile, the population of forced laborers increased, further expanding the wealth gap. Because of internal conflict and lack of food, the Maya empire . Was there a faster route going west? The technique of enhancing immunity by exposing patients to dried mucous taken from those already infected. Prepare an amortization schedule for the four-year term of the lease. 1450-1750. Question 2. Labor systems. Indigenous people divided up among Spanish settlers to be Christianized and forced to provide labor for mines and plantations, food production, and textiles. Spanish estates in the Americas that were often plantations. Japan initially welcomed Portuguese and Dutch traders and. In North America, the Spanish had control of the southwest regions, central America, and Florida. Finally, a new elite class emerged called the. The Church lost power as it was challenged. The state with the most access to trade could be the most powerful. However, the Americas suffered massive depopulation because of the spread of disease. Because the international portion of his portfolio has performed poorly in the past, he has reduced his international equity exposure to 2 %. (T/F). rebellion Since the two units in this period are BOTH about Empire Building so are most . Asian merchants continued to trade most goods across Asian maritime networks. In what ways did Europe's interest in trade affect the population? Demonstrated tolerance to Hindus and Rajputs and developed strong military and empire. doesnt work for money, but to pay off a loan, or Below are the 43 people to know for the EARLY MODERN PERIOD (1450-1750). After her death, the Portuguese gained control of the region until well 1975. Although the encomienda was not officially abolished until the late 18th century, in September 1721 the conferment of new encomiendas in Spain's colonies was prohibited. This is also known as the. Despite pre-existing Christian views that appose slavery, because of Spains and Great Britians adoption/creation of new slave systems, such as the Mita and Chattel systems, and continuation of pre-existing systems, such as the use of African women as European household workers, European states intensified their use of slavery. It was based on the holding of land in exchange for service or labor. Other Quizlet sets. In 1494, they signed the, The Spanish conquistadors brought down the thriving Aztec and Inca empires within a few decades.