Over a third of the city population is concentrated in the lakefront neighborhoods from Rogers Park in the north to South Shore in the south. There is a substantial Romani community in Chicago. [264], Chicago has also entered into esports with the creation of the Chicago Huntsmen, a professional Call of Duty team that participates within the CDL. 40,000 of them came as refugees during the 1990s and early 2000s.[18]. Diocesan Priests, Deacons, Women and Men Religious, and Lay Personnel in the Archdiocese Diocesan Priests (including active and retired): 683 Religious Priests: 432 Religious Brothers: 149 Women Religious: 1,068 Deacons: 652 (includes active, active outside the diocese, seniors, and retired) Certified Pastoral Associates: 43 [72] This Great Migration had an immense cultural impact, called the Chicago Black Renaissance, part of the New Negro Movement, in art, literature, and music. Evangelical Protestantism form the largest theological Protestant branch (16%), followed by Mainline Protestants (11%), and historically Black churches (8%). The Chicago Police Department provides law enforcement and the Chicago Fire Department provides fire suppression and emergency medical services for the city and its residents. [355] Because of low participation in the blue bag programs, the city began a pilot program for blue bin recycling like other cities. It is the third largest city and metropolitan area in the United States by population, and the city was home to over 2.7 million people in 2020, accounting for over 25% of the population in the Chicago metropolitan area; home to approximately 9.6 million. The Chicago campus of Northwestern University includes the Feinberg School of Medicine; Northwestern Memorial Hospital, which is ranked as the best hospital in the Chicago metropolitan area by U.S. News & World Report for 201718;[358] the Shirley Ryan AbilityLab (formerly named the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago), which is ranked the best U.S. rehabilitation hospital by U.S. News & World Report;[359] the new Prentice Women's Hospital; and Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago. Persons per household, 2017-2021. In the 1840s, Chicago became a major grain port, and in the 1850s and 1860s Chicago's pork and beef industry expanded. The national average was 8.7 percent in 2016. Other prevalent European ethnic groups include the Czechs, and Ukrainians. The Chicago metropolitan area has the third largest African American population, behind only New York City and Atlanta. From the 1950s through 1970s, American poetry continued to evolve in Chicago. [130] A number of Chicago's public art works are by modern figurative artists. [17] The economy of Chicago is diverse, with no single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce. His accomplishments included improvements to parks and creating incentives for sustainable development, as well as closing Meigs Field in the middle of the night and destroying the runways. In the 1800s, Chicago became the nation's railroad hub, and by 1910 over 20 railroads operated passenger service out of six different downtown terminals. [193] Academically, Chicago has been influential through the Chicago school of economics, which fielded some 12 Nobel Prize winners. [199], Manufacturing, printing, publishing, and food processing also play major roles in the city's economy. In 2018, the Chicago Department of Health, estimated 7.5% of the adult population, approximately 146,000 Chicagoans, were LGBTQ. It also contains the University of Chicago, ranked one of the world's top ten universities,[218] and the Museum of Science and Industry. [305], In September 2016, an Illinois state appellate court found that cities do not have an obligation under the Illinois Constitution to pay certain benefits if those benefits had included an expiration date under whichever negotiated agreement they were covered. Conscientious 60% Rich 20% Thoughtful 20% Hyde Park Demographics Education Levels National Master's degree or higher 54% 13% Bachelor's degree 24% 21% Some college or associate's degree 12% 29% More Racial Diversity White 47% African American 24% Asian 14% More Gender Female 54% Male 46% Age <10 years 6% 10-17 years 6% 18-24 years 24% More Persons per household, 2017-2021. [227] It features 42 navy blue gondolas that can hold up to eight adults and two children. This project began with the construction and improvement of the Illinois and Michigan Canal, and was completed with the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal that connects to the Illinois River, which flows into the Mississippi River. During the 1880s and 1890s, Chicago had a powerful radical tradition with large and highly organized socialist, anarchist and labor organizations. The city typically sees less snow and rain in winter than that experienced in the eastern Great Lakes region. Diocesan Priests (including active and retired): 683, Deacons: 652(includes active, active outside the diocese, seniors, and retired), Archdiocesan Council of Catholic Women (ACCW), Immigrant Affairs and Immigration Education, Catholic population as percentage of total population of Cook and Lake counties: 35%, Weekend Masses Scheduled in Parishes and Missions: 1,194, Elementary schools (archdiocese-run):152, Elementary schools (non-archdiocese-run): 8, Secondary schools (non-archdiocese-run): 27, Enrollment in elementary school programs: 39,000, Enrollment in secondary school programs: 3,600, St. John Vianney College Seminary, St. Paul, MN, 5 Catholic colleges and universities serving 45,000 students. [81], On December 2, 1942, physicist Enrico Fermi conducted the world's first controlled nuclear reaction at the University of Chicago as part of the top-secret Manhattan Project. [261], The Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL) began play in 1926, and are one of the "Original Six" teams of the NHL. [82], Mayor Richard J. Daley, a Democrat, was elected in 1955, in the era of machine politics. [citation needed], The Chicago Sky is a professional basketball team playing in the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). [77], The Great Depression brought unprecedented suffering to Chicago, in no small part due to the city's heavy reliance on heavy industry. Nearly a quarter of New Yorkers are religiously unaffiliated (24%), but the city also is home to relatively high numbers of members of non-Christian faiths. [17] There are approximately 70,000 Bosnian Americans in Chicago. It produced the first American publication for homosexuals, Friendship and Freedom. 3.52. Population estimates in 2008 put the number of people in the city proper at 2,853,114, while suburban populations continue to grow, with estimates at 9,785,747 for the combined city and suburbs. [citation needed], Chicago is currently the setting for Showtime's Shameless, and NBC's Chicago Fire, Chicago P.D. [191] Chicago was the base of commercial operations for industrialists John Crerar, John Whitfield Bunn, Richard Teller Crane, Marshall Field, John Farwell, Julius Rosenwald and many other commercial visionaries who laid the foundation for Midwestern and global industry. National polls rarely give any religious data below the national level. later establishing itself as America's home for the genre. [342], Chicago is the largest hub in the railroad industry. The proximity to Lake Michigan tends to keep the Chicago lakefront somewhat cooler in summer and less brutally cold in winter than inland parts of the city and suburbs away from the lake. [224], In 2014[update], Chicago attracted 50.17million domestic leisure travelers, 11.09million domestic business travelers and 1.308million overseas visitors. Purchase this important reference work thatincludes maps and charts. The normal winter high from December through March is about 36F (2C). [116] Many of the city's residential streets have a wide patch of grass or trees between the street and the sidewalk itself. In this interactive tool, national religious composition percentages are rounded to the nearest tenth (e.g., 22.8%). Included among these are its nationally renowned deep-dish pizza; this style is said to have originated at Pizzeria Uno. [citation needed] Highly regarded universities in Chicago and the surrounding area are: the University of Chicago; Northwestern University; Illinois Institute of Technology; Loyola University Chicago; DePaul University; Columbia College Chicago and University of Illinois at Chicago. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as "Checagou" was by Robert deLaSalle around 1679 in a memoir. It reports the number of congregations in every U.S. county and equivalents for participating faith groups. The park is home to a constantly rotating schedule of free cultural events for all ages, all year long. Religion Census is the most extensive count of congregations ever conducted. [341] The program ended on October 15, with nearly 800,000 rides taken. Washington's first term in office directed attention to poor and previously neglected minority neighborhoods. Would you like to plan a visit to Chicago, or find things to do within your City? Metropolitan statistics available for 236 Religious Groups, Religious Diversity explained and pictured with Religion Census Data, Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies (ASARB), The Association of Religion Data Archives (ARDA). The South Side hosts one of the city's largest parades, the annual African American Bud Billiken Parade and Picnic, which travels through Bronzeville to Washington Park. Du Sable was of African descent, perhaps born in the French colony of Saint-Domingue (Haiti), and established the settlement in the 1780s. [124] Presently, the four tallest buildings in the city are Willis Tower (formerly the Sears Tower, also a building with its own zip code), Trump International Hotel and Tower, the Aon Center (previously the Standard Oil Building), and the John Hancock Center. Chicago is a major world convention destination. Student Location Diversity 85 out of 100. The city also has one PBS member station (its second: WYCC 20, removed its affiliation with PBS in 2017[322]): WTTW 11, producer of shows such as Sneak Previews, The Frugal Gourmet, Lamb Chop's Play-Along and The McLaughlin Group. The citizens of Chicago have not elected a Republican mayor since 1927, when William Thompson was voted into office. Chicago is also featured in a few video games, including Watch Dogs and Midtown Madness, a real-life, car-driving simulation game. By 2006, the cartel sought to control most illicit drug sales. The city lies within USDA plant hardiness zone 6a, transitioning to 5b in the suburbs. [144], Like other major cities, Chicago experiences an urban heat island, making the city and its suburbs milder than surrounding rural areas, especially at night and in winter. [158] Chicago's South Side emerged as United States second-largest urban black concentration, following New York's Harlem. Contributors have included Ezra Pound, William Butler Yeats, William Carlos Williams, Langston Hughes, and Carl Sandburg, among others. views about human evolution by metro area, Learn More: views about human evolution, Evolved; due to natural processes, Evolved; due to God's design, Always existed in present form, 1615 L St. NW, Suite 800Washington, DC 20036USA ), Independent Baptist (Historically Black Protestant Trad. In 1990, Chicago's South Side and the adjoining south suburbs constituted the largest black majority region in the entire United States. The Sox are fifth in the American League in all-time wins, and sixth in pennants. importance of religion by metro area, Learn More: importance of religion in one's life, Very important, Somewhat important, Not too important, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who attend religious services, Compare: ), Apostolic Pentecostal (Evangelical Trad. Religion Census. ), Other Baptist (Historically Black Protestant Trad. belief in God by metro area, Learn More: belief in God, Believe in God; absolutely certain, Believe in God; fairly certain, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who say religion is, Compare: Chicago's Italian community has historically been based along the Taylor Street and Grand Avenue corridors on the West Side of the city. religious attendance by metro area, Learn More: attendance at religious services, At least once a week, Once or twice a month/a few times a year, Seldom/never, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who pray, Compare: Congregations and . The COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective, and are an important tool for ending the global pandemic. Theatre-goers can choose from thousands of performances annually, featuring everything from Shakespeare to variety, in many languages. The name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the indigenous Miami-Illinois word shikaakwa for a wild relative of the onion; it is known to botanists as Allium tricoccum and known more commonly as "ramps". Meanwhile, 10% of San Franciscans call themselves agnostics, compared with 5% who are atheists. [162][163][164][165], Chicago has the third-largest LGBT population in the United States. The vast majority of Chicago Hispanics are of Mexican descent. The Bears play their home games at Soldier Field. The canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. The 2000 United States Census had shown the population density of the city itself was 12,750.3 people per square mile (4,923.0/km2), making it one of the nation's most densely populated cities. However, it was less than in many smaller American cities, including New Orleans, Newark, and Detroit, although the latter has fallen substantially in recent years. [85] Structural changes in industry, such as globalization and job outsourcing, caused heavy job losses for lower-skilled workers. [283] This was higher than in New York City and Los Angeles, the two largest cities in the United States, which have lower murder rates and lower total homicides. In 1900, the problem of sewage contamination was largely resolved when the city completed a major engineering feat. While the genre was pioneered by Throbbing Gristle in the late 70s, the genre was largely started in the United Kingdom, with the Chicago-based record label Wax Trax! Chicago is also home to the Barack Obama Presidential Center being built in Hyde Park on the city's South Side. "New York, Philadelphia, and other northern cities: phonology". [45] The project raised much of central Chicago to a new grade with the use of jackscrews for raising buildings. Vaccines protect you and the people around you, reducing the spread of COVID-19. As the seat of Cook County (the second-most populous U.S. county), the city is the center of the Chicago metropolitan area, one of the largest in the world. Richard M. Daley, son of Richard J. Daley, was elected in 1989. In 1966, Martin Luther King Jr. and Albert Raby led the Chicago Freedom Movement, which culminated in agreements between Mayor Richard J. Daley and the movement leaders. Some of the parks along the waterfront include Lincoln Park, Grant Park, Burnham Park, and Jackson Park. Be mindful of course content that may privilege certain religious perspectives. [238][239][240], A distinctly Chicago sandwich, the Italian beef sandwich is thinly sliced beef simmered in au jus and served on an Italian roll with sweet peppers or spicy giardiniera. The Puerto Rican-influenced jibarito is a sandwich made with flattened, fried green plantains instead of bread. Frank Gehry's detailed, stainless steel band shell, the Jay Pritzker Pavilion, hosts the classical Grant Park Music Festival concert series. [295] In 2011, Chicago's murders fell another 1.2% to 431 (a rate of 15.94 per 100,000). Even more challenging were the social conditions in some parts of the city. [301] According to the FBI, St. Louis, New Orleans, Detroit, and Baltimore had the highest murder rate along with several other cities. [31], After the War of 1812, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis. In 1956, the city conducted its last major expansion when it annexed the land under O'Hare airport, including a small portion of DuPage County. What would become the influential Poetry magazine was founded in 1912 by Harriet Monroe, who was working as an art critic for the Chicago Tribune. Future expansion will extend the Riverwalk south an additional 1.8 miles from Lake Street to Ping Tom Memorial Park in Chinatown. [253], Sporting News named Chicago the "Best Sports City" in the United States in 1993, 2006, and 2010. As the old saying went, "A Lithuanian wont vote for a Pole, and a Pole wont vote for a Lithuanian.