The raids hurt Britains war production, but they also killed many civilians and left many others homeless. A Raid From Above The first attack was against the city's waterworks, which had been attacked in the previous raid. Again the Irish emergency services crossed the border, this time without waiting for an invitation. Just before Easter 1941, Anna and Billy Burdett and their 12-year-old daughter, Dorothy, returned to Belfast from England to visit Anna's family. By 1940, Short and Harland could shelter its entire workforce and Harland and Wolff had provision to shelter 16,000 workers. 7. For eight months the Luftwaffe dropped bombs on London and other strategic cities across Britain. O'Sullivan reported: "There were many terrible mutilations among both living and dead heads crushed, ghastly abdominal and face wounds, penetration by beams, mangled and crushed limbs etc.". The first was on the night of 7-8 April 1941, a small attack which probably took place only to test Belfast's defences. He believed that this was being done already but it was inevitable that a certain number of civilian lives should be lost in the course of heavy bombing from the air". This option had been forbidden by city officials, who feared that once people began sleeping in Underground stations, they would be reluctant to return to the surface and resume daily life. By the middle of December it had reached nearly 1,700,000 (adjusted for inflation, this was the equivalent of roughly 100 million in 2020). C.S Lewis was born in Belfast, and the nearby countryside helped inspire The Chronicles of Narnia. In the first days of the Blitz, a tragic incident in the East End stoked public anger over the governments shelter policy. Londoners enjoyed three weeks of uneasy peace until May 1011, the night of a full moon, when the Luftwaffe launched the most intense raid of the Blitz. However that attack was not an error. ", Dawson Bates, the Home Affairs Minister, apparently refused to reply to army correspondence and when the Ministry of Home Affairs was informed by imperial defence experts in 1939 that Belfast was regarded as "a very definite German objective", little was done outside providing shelters in the Harbour area.[14]. Apart from one or two false alarms in the early days of the war, no sirens wailed in London until June 25. Video, 00:00:36Tears of relief after man found in Amazon jungle. 13 died, including a soldier killed when an anti-aircraft gun, at the Balmoral show-grounds, misfired. The night raids on London continued into 1941, and January 1011 saw exceptionally heavy attacks; the Mansion House (residence of the lord mayor of London) and the Bank of England narrowly avoided destruction when a bomb fell directly between them, creating a gigantic crater. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Video, 00:01:37, Thanks, but no big speech, in Ken Bruce's sign off, Tear gas fired at Greece train crash protesters. Their Chain Home early warning radar, the most advanced system in the world, gave Fighter Command adequate notice of where and when to direct their forces, and the Luftwaffe never made a concerted effort to neutralize it. [citation needed], On Easter Tuesday, 15 April 1941, spectators watching a football match at Windsor Park noticed a lone Luftwaffe Junkers Ju 88 aircraft circling overhead.[15]. Hitlers intention had been to break the morale of the British people so they would pressure their government to surrender. Mr Freeburn set out to find out more about those who died, their personal stories and the tales of those left behind. These shelters were vital as these factories had many employees working late at night and early in the morning when Luftwaffe attacks were likely. High explosive bombs predominated in this raid. Elsewhere in the skies over Britain, Nazi official Rudolph Hess chose that same evening to parachute into Scotland on a quixotic and wholly unauthorized peace mission. Fighter Commands efforts were greatly aided by the lack of any consistent plan of action on the part of the Germans. Major Sen O'Sullivan reported on the intensity of the bombing in some areas, such as the Antrim Road, where bombs "fell within fifteen to twenty yards of one another." 255 corpses were laid out in St George's Market. Moya Woodside[23] noted in her diary: "Evacuation is taking on panic proportions. Where they are going, what they will find to eat when they get there, nobody knows. The nights of November 3 and 28 were the only occasions during this period in which Londons peace was unbroken by siren or bomb. Belfast made a considerable contribution towards the Allied war effort, producing many naval ships, aircraft and munitions; therefore, the city was deemed a suitable bombing target by the Luftwaffe. Belfast is as worthy a target as Coventry, Birmingham, Bristol or Glasgow.. Compared to other cities, Belfast was virtually undefended. About 1,000 people were killed and bombs hit half of the houses in the city, leaving 100,000 people homeless. The period of the next moon from say the 7th to the 16th of April may well bring our turn.. [25] He followed up with his "they are our people" speech, made in Castlebar, County Mayo, on Sunday 20 April 1941 (Quoted in the Dundalk Democrat dated Saturday 26 April 1941): In the past, and probably in the present, too, a number of them did not see eye to eye with us politically, but they are our people we are one and the same people and their sorrows in the present instance are also our sorrows; and I want to say to them that any help we can give to them in the present time we will give to them whole-heartedly, believing that were the circumstances reversed they would also give us their help whole-heartedly Frank Aiken, the Irish Minister for the Co-ordination of Defensive Measures was in Boston, Massachusetts at the time. Yesterday the hand of good-fellowship was reached across the Border. The House of Commons, Westminster Abbey, and the British Museum were severely damaged, and The Temple was almost completely destroyed. Later, guided by the raging fires caused by the first attack, a second group of planes began another assault that lasted until 4:30 the following morning. By the end of the attacks, between 900 and 1,000 people were dead and thousands more were injured, homeless and displaced. However, the Docklands was also a densely populated and impoverished area where thousands of working-class Londoners lived in run-down housing. Several accounts point out that Belfast, standing at the end of the long inlet of Belfast Lough, would be easily located. By Jonathan Bardon. On September 1, 1939, the day World War II began with Germanys invasion of Poland, the British government implemented a massive evacuation plan. From September 1940 until May 1941, Britain was subjected to sustained enemy bombing campaign, now known as the Blitz. After the war, instructions from Joseph Goebbels were discovered ordering it not to be mentioned. Barton wrote: "the Catholic population was much more strongly opposed to conscription, was inclined to sympathise with Germany", "there were suspicions that the Germans were assisted in identifying targets, held by the Unionist population." The couple, who ran a children's home, stayed with Anna's parents, William and Harriette Denby, and her sisters, Dot and Isa, at Evelyn Gardens, off the Cavehill Road, in the north of the city. Belfast suffered a series of bombing raids in the spring of 1941, which became known as the 'Blitz of Belfast'. Tommy Henderson, an Independent Unionist MP in the House of Commons of Northern Ireland, summed up the feeling when he invited the Minister of Home Affairs to Hannahstown and the Falls Road, saying "The Catholics and the Protestants are going up there mixed and they are talking to one another. In the west and north of the city, streets heavily bombed included Percy Street, York Park, York Crescent, Eglinton Street, Carlisle Street, Ballyclare, Ballycastle and Ballynure Streets off the Oldpark Road; Southport Street, Walton Street, Antrim Road, Annadale Street, Cliftonville Road, Hillman Street, Atlantic Avenue, Hallidays Road, Hughenden Avenue, Sunningdale Park, Shandarragh Park, and Whitewell Road. Video, 00:00:26The German bombing of Coventry, Living through the London Blitz. All were exhausted. The M.V. 55,000 houses were damaged leaving 100,000 temporarily homeless. In total over 1,300 houses were demolished, some 5,000 badly damaged, nearly 30,000 slightly damaged while 20,000 required "first aid repairs".[3]. Belfast, Irish Bal Feirste, city, district, and capital of Northern Ireland, on the River Lagan, at its entrance to Belfast Lough (inlet of the sea). Death had to a certain extent been made decent. The city covers a total area of 132.5 square kilometers (51 square miles). Three nights later (April 1920) London was again subjected to a seven-hour raid, and the loss of life was considerable, especially among firefighters and the A.R.P. However Belfast was not mentioned again by the Nazis. The Air Raid Precautions (A.R.P.) Initially it was thought that the Germans had mistaken this reservoir for the harbour and shipyards, where many ships, including HMS Ark Royal were being repaired. He went to the Mater Hospital at 2pm, nine hours after the raid ended, to find the street with a traffic jam of ambulances waiting to admit their casualties. [citation needed]. Author Lawrence H. Dawson detailed the damage to Londons historic buildings for the 1941 Britannica Book of the Year: The following curtailed list identifies some of the better known places in inner London that have been damaged by enemy action. In the New Lodge area people had taken refuge in a mill. [1][2], The third raid on Belfast took place over the evening and morning of 45 May 1941; 150 were killed. By the time the raid was over, at least 744 people had lost their lives, including some living in places such as Newtownards, Bangor and Londonderry. At nightfall the Northern Counties Station was packed from platform gates to entrance gates and still refugees were coming along in a steady stream from the surrounding streets Open military lorries were finally put into service and even expectant mothers and mothers with young children were put into these in the rather heavy drizzle that lasted throughout the evening. In the mistaken belief that they might damage RAF fighters, the anti-aircraft batteries ceased firing. The "Hiram Plan" initiated by Dawson Bates, the Home Affairs Minister, had failed to materialise. On Nov. 30, 1940, a lone Luftwaffe plane flew across the Ards Peninsula unobserved and reported back to Berlin. This amounted to nearly half of Britains total civilian deaths for the whole war. Video, 00:01:03One-minute World News, Isabel Oakeshott: Why I leaked Hancock's messages. On 4-5 May, another raid, made up of 204 bombers, killed another 203 people and the following night 22 more died. The British, on the other hand, were supremely well prepared for the kind of battle in which they now found themselves. Weighing 46,328 tonnes, Titanic was to be the largest manmade moveable object the world had ever seen. . Video, 00:02:54Living through the London Blitz, At least 17 dead in Jakarta fuel storage depot fire. Over 20 hospitals were hit, among them the London (many times), St. Thomass, St. Bartholomews, and the childrens hospital in Great Ormond st., as well as Chelsea hospital, the home for the aged and invalid soldiers, built by Wren. "But there is no such equivalent in Belfast. Hundreds of incendiary and many high-explosive bombs were dropped, doing little material damage but causing many casualties. After the first week of September, although night bombing on a large scale continued, the large mass attacks by day, which had proved so costly to the Luftwaffe during the Battle of Britain, were replaced by smaller parties coming over in successive waves. 29 - Belfast was once bigger than Dublin This part of Belfast was the only one required to provide air raid shelters for workers. It targeted the docks. When Germany bombed Belfast as part of the Blitz during World War Two, the massive air raids left more than a thousand people dead. ", Dawson Bates informed the Cabinet of rack-renting of barns, and over thirty people per house in some areas.[24]. Video, 00:01:41NI WW2 veterans honoured by France, The Spitfire turns 80. By 6am, within two hours of the request for assistance, 71 firemen with 13 fire tenders from Dundalk, Drogheda, Dublin, and Dn Laoghaire were on their way to cross the Irish border to assist their Belfast colleagues. The bombs caused death and destruction across the city, affecting those of all religions and political backgrounds. At conservative gathering, Trump is still the favourite. The mortuary services had emergency plans to deal with only 200 bodies. In a survey of shelter use, it was found that, although the public shelters were fully occupied every night, just 9 percent of Londoners made use of them. The Belfast Blitz consisted of four German air raids on strategic targets in the city of Belfast in Northern Ireland, in April and May 1941 during World War II, causing high casualties. For eight months the Luftwaffe dropped bombs on London and other strategic cities across Britain. In the eight months of attacks, some 43,000 civilians were killed. Another attacked Bangor, killing five. [19], 220,000 people fled from the city. Belfast Blitz: Facts In total there were four attacks on the County Antrim city. Despite the military and industrial importance of the city, the Luftwaffe described the defences asweak, scanty, insufficient. Video, 00:01:23Watch: Matt Hancock message row in 83 seconds, One-minute World News. In each station volunteers were asked for, as it was beyond their normal duties. He described some distressing consequences, such as how "in one case the leg and arm of a child had to be amputated before it could be extricated. After the passing of the Government of Ireland Act, 1920, it became the seat of the government of Northern Ireland. The Belfast Blitzconsisted of four German air raids on strategic targets in the city of Belfastin Northern Ireland, in April and May 1941 during World War II, causing high casualties. Video, 00:01:38, At least 17 dead in Jakarta fuel storage depot fire, Australia's 'biggest drug bust' nets $700m of cocaine. Although casualties were heavy, at no time did they approach the estimates that had been made before the war, and only a fraction of the available hospital and ambulance capacity was ever utilized. [6] It was MacDermott who sent a telegram to de Valera seeking assistance. After his optician business was destroyed by a bomb, Mickey Davies led an effort to organize the Spitalfield Shelter. Few children had been successfully evacuated. The Luftwaffe had lost more than 600 aircraft, and, although the RAF had lost fewer than half that many, the battle was claiming British fighters and experienced pilots at too great a rate. Major O'Sullivan reported that "In the heavily 'blitzed' areas people ran panic-stricken into the streets and made for the open country. There was unease with the complacent attitude of the government, which led to resignations: Craigavon died on 24 November 1940. As of October 2020, the population of Belfast is about 350,000 people. A modern bomb census has attempted to pinpoint the location of every bomb dropped on London during the Blitz, and the visualization of that data makes clear how thoroughly the Luftwaffe saturated the city. 6. The first deliberate raid took place on the night of 7 April. With tangled hair, staring eyes, clutching hands, contorted limbs, their grey-green faces covered with dust, they lay, bundled into the coffins, half-shrouded in rugs or blankets, or an occasional sheet, still wearing their dirty, torn twisted garments. The period of the next moon from say the 7th to the 16th of April may well bring our turn." Of the churches, besides St. Pauls cathedral, where at one time were five unexploded bombs in the immediate vicinity and the roof of which was pierced by another that exploded and shattered the high altar to fragments, those damaged were Westminster abbey, St. Margarets Westminster, Southwark cathedral; fifteen Wren churches (including St. 10 Facts about Belfast City. Streets heavily bombed in the city centre included High Street, Ann Street, Callender Street, Chichester Street, Castle Street, Tomb Street, Bridge Street (effectively obliterated), Rosemary Street, Waring Street, North Street, Victoria Street, Donegall Street, York Street, Gloucester Street, and East Bridge Street. [citation needed]. As many as 5,000 people had packed into this network of underground tunnels, which was dangerously overcrowded, dirty, and dark. Video, 00:01:41, The German bombing of Coventry. The danger faced in London was greatly increased when the V2 attacks started and the casualty figures mirrored those of the Blitz.. Sometimes they were trying establish a blockade by destroying shipping and port facilities, sometimes they were directly attacking Fighter Command ground installations, sometimes they were targeting aircraft factories, and sometimes they were attempting to engage Fighter Command in the skies. Belfast is located on the island of Ireland. People hung black curtains in their windows so that no lights showed outside their houses. Another defensive measure employed by the British was barrage balloonslarge oval-shaped unmanned balloons with stabilizing tail finsinstalled in and around major target areas. Belfast was largely unprepared for an attack of such a scale as 200 German bombers shelled the city on 15 April 1941. "We can still see the physical scars of the Blitz in Belfast, that is what is left. Up Next. Belfast has the world's largest dry dock. As the UK was preparing for the conflict, the factories and shipyards of Belfast were gearing up. While Anderson shelters offered good protection from bomb fragments and debris, they were cold and damp and generally ill-suited for prolonged occupancy. He was asked, in the N.I. Blitz Fibre UK Blitz Fibre UK Published Mar 1, 2023 + Follow Fact 1- Small but Mighty . ", Mapping the lives lost in the Belfast Blitz. "Through cross-referencing a number of different sources I have been able to get the most accurate number of people who died in the Blitz," he says. High explosives were dropped. By 4 am the entire city seemed to be in flames. The seeming normality of life on the Home Front was shattered in 1944 when the first of the V1's landed. 50,000 houses, more than half the houses in the city, were damaged. The sense of relative calm was abruptly shattered in the first week of September 1940, when the war came to London in earnest. Indeed, on the night of the first raid, no Royal Air Force (RAF) aircraft took to the air to intercept German planes. These balloons, the largest of which were some 60 feet (18 metres) long, were essentially an airspace denial tool. Video, Russian minister laughed at for Ukraine war claims, US-made cheese can be called 'gruyere' - court, AOC under investigation for Met Gala dress, Saving Private Ryan actor Tom Sizemore dies at 61, The children left behind in Cuba's exodus, Walkie Talkie architect Rafael Violy dies aged 78, Alex Murdaugh's legal troubles are far from over, Mother who killed her five children euthanised. In his interview, Becker stated that only military objectives were aimed for. A force of 180 bombers dropped 750 bombs - including 203 tonnes of high explosives - and 29,000 incendiaries over a five-hour period. By then most of the major fires were under control and the firemen from Clydeside and other British cities were arriving. Video, 00:01:37Thanks, but no big speech, in Ken Bruce's sign off, Tear gas fired at Greece train crash protesters. On July 16, 1940, Hitler issued a directive ordering the preparation and, if necessary, execution of Operation Sea Lion, the amphibious invasion of Great Britain. James Craig, Lord Craigavon, had been Prime Minister of Northern Ireland since its inception in 1921 up until his death in 1940. THE BELFAST BLITZ was a series of four air raids over Northern Ireland during the spring of 1941. (Some authors count this as the second raid of four). Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). 10,000 "officially" crossed the border. You can see the difference in those letters - post-Blitz is very much a grieving tone. It has been reported that on Easter Tuesday, Belfast suffered the highest loss of life of any city in the UK in a single raid. devised the Morrison shelter (named for Home Secretary Herbert Stanley Morrison) as an alternative to the Anderson shelter. Most of the objectives laid out by the reconnaissance crews were of either military or industrial importance. While the balloons themselves were an obvious deterrent, they were anchored to the ground by steel tethers that were strong enough to damage or destroy any aircraft that flew into them. In just these few hours, 430 people were killed and 1,600 were badly injured. Singer-songwriter Van Morrison was born here. Belfast, the city with the highest population density in the UK at the time, also had the lowest proportion of public air-raid shelters. His death (along with preceding ill-health) came at a bad time and arguably inadvertently caused a leadership vacuum. Van Morrison is from the east part of the city. Simpson shot down one of the Heinkels over Downpatrick. Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Skype (Opens in new window), The Belfast Blitz Inside the Deadly 1941 Luftwaffe Raids on Northern Ireland, Dutch Weapons and American Independence How the United Provinces Made a Fortune Supplying Muskets in the Revolutionary War , USS Devilfish The Curious Case of the Only U.S. Navy Submarine to be Attacked by a Kamikaze, The Chinchas War Inside the Little-Known Conflict Between Peru and Spain Over Animal Turds, The Battle for Nassau Inside the First Overseas Mission for Americas Marines, Mustang vs. Corsair Inside the U.S. Navys 1944 Match-Up Between the Two Fighters, Stickin It To Em The Last of the Great Bayonet Charges, Bloody First Contact When Vikings Clashed with Native North Americans, Battlefield Stalingrad Four Maps That Tell the Story of World War Twos Pivotal Struggle. sprang into action, and Londoners, while maintaining the work, business, and efficiency of their city, displayed remarkable fortitude. The Germans expanded the Blitz to other cities in November 1940. Burke Street which ran between Annadale and Dawson streets in the New Lodge area, was completely wiped off the map with all its 20 houses flattened and all of the occupants killed.[16]. The Belfast Blitz was a series of devastating Luftwaffe air raids that took place in Northern Ireland during the Second World War. Find out how it began, what the Germans hoped to achieve and how it severe it was, plus we visit nine places affected by the attacks. [12], There was little preparation for the conflict with Germany. In early 1941 the Germans launched another wave of attacks, this time focusing on ports. By the. Fortunately, the railway telegraphy link between Belfast and Dublin was still operational. Eduard Hempel, the German Minister to Ireland, visited the Irish Ministry for External Affairs to offer sympathy and attempt an explanation. Belfast's Albert Clock tower is sinking - it leans by four feet. Belfast was Ireland's industrial home, famous for tobacco, rope-making, linen, and ship-building, which made it the powerhouse it was. The ill-fated ship was built in the city in 1912, and to this day, there is a museum dedicated to its building and the lives of all of those on board. The 2017 film Zoo depicts an air raid during the Belfast Blitz. Air-raid damage was widespread; hospitals, clubs, churches, museums, residential and shopping streets, hotels, public houses, theatres, schools, monuments, newspaper offices, embassies, and the London Zoo were bombed. In addition, there simply was not enough space for everyone who needed shelter in one of the largest and most densely populated cities in the world. The past doesnt change, its just over.. In another building, the York Street Mill, one of its massive sidewalls collapsed on to Sussex and Vere Streets, killing all those who remained in their homes. But these people all had families and friends and they had to deal with their loss for the rest of their lives.". J.P. Walshe, assistant secretary, recorded that Hempel was "clearly distressed by the news of the severe raid on Belfast and especially of the number of civilian casualties." "It says a lot about how these people are forgotten that there is no Blitz memorial in Belfast," Mr Freeburn says. The Blitz was devastating for the people of London and other cities. They remained for three days, until they were sent back by the Northern Ireland government. to households. But the RAF had not responded. The South Hallsville School disaster prompted Londoners, especially residents of the East End, to find safer shelters, on their own if necessary. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Belfast was the birthplace of the RMS Titanic, the world' most famous ship which, when it was constructed in the early 1900s, was longer than the height of the world's tallest building at 882 feet and six inches in length. An earlier flight on Oct. 18 allowed the crew to plot several targets in the city. NI WW2 veterans honoured by France. Instead of pressing his advantage, however, Hitler abruptly changed his strategy. In Newtownards, Bangor, Larne, Carrickfergus, Lisburn and Antrim many thousands of Belfast citizens took refuge either with friends or strangers. In late August the Germans dropped some bombs, apparently by accident, on civilian areas in London. Video, 00:02:54, At least 17 dead in Jakarta fuel storage depot fire. Emma Duffin, a nurse at the Queen's University Hospital, (who previously served during the Great War), who kept a diary; THE BELFAST BLITZ was a series of four air raids over Northern Ireland during the spring of 1941. KS3 History (Environment and society) The Belfast Blitz learning resources for adults, children, parents and teachers. The initial human cost of the Blitz was lower than the government had expected, but the level of destruction exceeded the governments dire predictions. Brooke noted in his diary "I gave him authority as it is obviously a question of expediency". Clydeside got its blitz during the period of the last moon. The higher the German planes had to fly to avoid the balloons, the less accurate they were when dropping their bombs. There [is] ground for thinking that the enemy could not easily reach Belfast in force except during a period of moonlight. But the authorities were afraid that bombs might not be the. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Wherever Churchill is hiding his war material we will go. The attacks were authorized by Germanys chancellor, Adolf Hitler, after the British carried out a nighttime air raid on Berlin. Raids between February and May pounded Plymouth, Portsmouth, Bristol, Newcastle upon Tyne, and Hull in England; Swansea in Wales; Belfast in Northern Ireland; and Clydeside in Scotland. Some 27 percent of Londoners utilized private shelters, such as Anderson shelters, while the remaining 64 percent spent their evenings on duty with some branch of the civil defense or remained in their own homes. They are sleeping in the same sheugh (ditch), below the same tree or in the same barn. With the surrender of France in June 1940, Germanys sole remaining enemy lay across the English Channel. Sir Basil Brooke, the Minister of Agriculture, was the only active minister. Video, 00:00:26, Living through the London Blitz. Please select which sections you would like to print: Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The attacks by both V1's and V2's only ended as the Allies advanced up through Western Europe . In the east of the city, Westbourne and Newcastle Streets on the Newtownards Road, Thorndyke Street off the Albertbridge Road and Ravenscroft Avenue were destroyed or damaged. 8. From their photographs, they identified suitable targets: There had been a number of small bombings, probably by planes that missed their targets over the River Clyde in Glasgow or the cities of the northwest of England. Omissions? From papers recovered after the war, we know of a Luftwaffe reconnaissance flight over Belfast on 30 November 1940. Over 500 received care from the Irish Red Cross in Dublin. There are other diarists and narratives. When war broke out in 1939 the city did not expect to be attacked by German bombers: it was geographically remote and deemed a relatively . Belfast was not properly prepared for the attacks, with too few shelters and not enough anti-aircraft guns. However they were not in a position to communicate with the Germans, and information recovered from Germany after the war showed that the planning of the blitz was based entirely on German aerial reconnaissance. This type of shelteressentially a low steel cage large enough to contain two adults and two small childrenwas designed to be set up indoors and could serve as a refuge if the building began to collapse. Belfast was ill-prepared for the blitz. Barton insisted that Belfast was "too far north" to use radio guidance. The World's Most-Famous Ship, The Titanic, was constructed here. Between April 7 and May 6 of that year, Luftwaffe bombers unleashed death and destruction on the cities of Belfast, Bangor, Derry/Londonderry and Newtownards.
Fighting Back Eso Choice, Arizona Winter Forecast 2022, Panorama City Police Activity Today, Benefiber And Carbonated Beverages, Funeral Denise Clark Bradford, Articles OTHER