Bauman had emigrated to America from Germany after service in the Austrian army. Virginia Regiment flag captured by Lt. Col. Banastre Tarleton at Waxhaws in
He had been a Lt. The results were mixed. Authorized July 17, 1775 under the command of Patrick Henry. The early days of the American Revolution led to the use of many flags as the colonists struggled with the aims of the revolt, whether rights within the British Empire or outright independence. The Culpeper minutemen fought for the patriot side in the first year of the American Revolution, and are remembered for their company flag: a white banner depicting a rattlesnake, featuring the phrases " Liberty or Death " and "Don't Tread on Me". The new pattern reduced the overall size and the internal dimensions of the battle flag. In 1775, Colonel Christopher Gadsden was in Philadelphia representing his home colony of South Carolina at the Continental Congress and presented this new naval flag to the Congress. These were still bordered in orange wool. Contains illustration of the 16th Regiment flag and photograph of the color bearer of the flag, Emanuel Rudisill of Gaston County. In such cases, one of the company flags would be chosen to serve as the regimental flag. The officers then dismounted and the colonels of the different regiments coming forward to the center, Gen. Beauregard, in a few remarks, presented each with a banner, and was eloquently responded to. During the war it participated at Trenton, Princeton, Brandywine, Germantown, Valley Forge, Stony Point, and Yorktown. Free shipping for many products! This flag has been widely called the personal flag of George Washington and reportedly made as a headquarters flag in 1777. The board created the 1st Virginia Battalion and re-designated the troops at 9th Regiment (formerly the 13th) one more time as the new 7th Regiment. Following the adoption of the Stars and Bars as the national flag of the Confederate States, many military units on both regimental and company levels, quickly adopted it for use as a battle flag. The white field was made of bunting as was the 2.5 feet square red canton. Bright red and white stripes were not very practical there. In eastern Massachusetts, southern New Hampshire and the southern corner of Maine, there lived a nomadic tribe of Native Americans known as the Penacook. In the midst of Pickett's Charge on July 3, 1863, Private Marshall Sherman captured the flag from the 28th Virginia. It was active from the Battle of Williamsburg to the Battle of Gettysburg, except when it was with Longstreet at the Siege of Suffolk, Virginia. The flags were presented to each regiment by Gens. Fifth Bunting Issue, 1864 Three hundred Culpeper Minutemen led by Colonel Stevens marched toward Williamsburg at the beginning of the fighting. Flags with the word Liberty on them came to be called Liberty Flags and were usually flown from Liberty poles. In June, the Richmond Depot made another wool issue for the army. A 2 wide white canvas heading with three button hole eylets for ties finished the staff edge. Unauthorised Copying of any kind is strictly prohibited. The Pine Tree has been a popular symbol of American independence in New England for years. Nick Artimovich, 2 May 1996, image by Douglas Payne, 13 September 2013, We recently installed a display of 51 Revolutionary era and early American
Do you have a favorite regimental flag from the Civil War era? The men were part of Colonel Patrick Henry's 1st Virginia Regiment formed in 1775. Thus, it looked a lot better than it had in February when only seven stars were added. You have an illustration of Sheldon's Horse flag
Lieutenant-colonel itth Virginia, November, 1776; colonel 2d Virginia, September 26, 1777. The exterior borders of the flags were yellow. The regiment originated from the Charles City-Henrico County Regiment of Militia founded in 1652. One of the first Volunteer Regiments mustered into American Revolutionary War service (1777) from the Colony of Virginia, The 1st Regiment was commanded by legendary Patriot, Patrick Henry ("Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death").The Flag of The 1st was a Red Field with a Blue Upper Left Canton. Upholsterers in Colonial America not only worked on furniture, but did all manner of sewing work, which for some included making flags. Overall, the new flags were generally closer to 51 square rather than 48 square of the predecessors. Nov 16, 2018 - Explore Robert ambrose's board "Virginia uniforms and flags" on Pinterest. There is strong evidence to suggest that Major-General Fields Division of Longstreets Corps may have received a full set of the new battle flags as well. Isnt a battle flag supposed to be square? This battle flag was captured by the First Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Regiment on the third day of the Battle of Gettysburg. These were very similar to the fifth Richmond Depot pattern but bore 4 diameter stars on 4 wide crosses and were finished with a white flannel border instead of white bunting. As the primary state militia unit, the Virginia regiment later saw service with the (U.S.) Continental Army. The British then began an assault on the neighboring Fort Mifflin. Union Regimental Histories Directory IV. Jennie Carys flag was not ready for another month, and on 12 December 1861 she finally sent it to General Beauregard, who acknowledged its receipt on the 15th. In April of 1862, while these forces were shifting to Virginias peninsula between the York and James Rivers, General Magruder had caused another design to be instituted in his Army of the Peninsula which was completely different from the Army of the Potomac design. By Wayne J. Lovett, Links: Photos and images of ANV 7th bunting issue battle flags. Colonel in the 5th Pennsylvania Regiment prior to this, and was transferred to the 2nd Pennsylvania Regiment with the same rank.6 Like the silk issues of 1861, these flags appear to have been made by ladies sewing circles. Fort Sackville was a British outpost located in the frontier settlement of Vincennes. The same basically 48 square size was issued to infantry, cavalry, and artillery. For those units who had served at Williamsburg on 5-6 May, strips of printed cotton bearing that name were also distributed to Longstreets Division and Earlys Brigade of D.H. Hills Division. Historical flags Colonial flag image by Randy Young, 29 January 2001 The flag for Virginia was a red field with the inscription in white : VIRGINIA FOR CONSTITUTIONAL LIBERTY. Massachusetts is one of three states with its own naval ensign, the others being South Carolina and Maine. In some pictures the rattlesnake flag appears, and in others we only have stripes. With the heightened political tensions of the 1770s, the regiment was raised again, on July 17, 1775, at Williamsburg, Virginia. In 1781 and 1782, in honor of the end of the American Revolutionary War and the help of France in that conflict, a special U.S. Although there is no original example or drawing remaining of this flag, we do have the bill he gave Congress for its design. A 26 year-old British Lieutenant Colonel named John Graves Simcoe, in command of the Queens Rangers at Yorktown, painted this from his station across the river. STARS AND BARS Images of 12 Star versions of the first Confederate national flag. Many flag historians believe that the flag was between Simcoe and his position at Gloucester Point and the sun, thus resulting in the strange colors he perceived. While most of these flags were made in the 48 infantry size, 3 foot square size artillery battery flags do survive as variants of the 2nd bunting Richmond Depot pattern. Bauman had carefully surveyed the terrain and battle positions at Yorktown, at the siege of Yorktown. Co. G (Gordan's Company): Capt. This was one of the bloodiest battles of the Revolutionary War with the British losing over 25% of their troops. Even before this approval, a number of ladies in Richmond had known of the design and were preparing examples of the new battle flag. write us |
There, under the leadership of General Nathaniel Greene, the militiamen halted the British advance through the Carolinas and turned them back to the seaport towns. Co. C (Montgomery Guard): Capt. The Fort Mifflin Flag was originally a Continental Navy Jack. Four divisions received flags so marked: D.H. Hills Division in April of 1863, A.P. Was there a cavalry size Army of Northern Virginia battle flag? The original flag was one of three captured by Tarleton that remained in
On May 23, 1861, voters ratified Virginia's secession from the United States. Despite the creation of this (and other) battle flags, the First National flag would not fall from use in battle. Legend claims it is the flag carried by Bedford Minuteman, Nathaniel Page, to the Concord Bridge on April 19, 1775, at the beginning of the American Revolution. However, despite this issue, most of the surviving battle flags of batteries and artillery battalions of the Army of Northern Virginia are in fact infantry size (4 foot square). Those flags had been devised by General Magruder in April of 1862 and some were still in service as late as September of 1862. According to legend, one day in 1775, General Washington approached Rebecca Flower Young, a Philadelphia pennant and colors maker, and asked her to make a flag for use by the troops. Co. B (Richmond City Guard): Capt. J. Dooley, Co. D (Old Dominion Guard): Capt. During the Mexican American War 18461848, the 19th regiment of the Virginia Militia was mustered into Federal Service and renamed the 1st Virginia Volunteers. By Devereaux D. Cannon, Jr. 09 February 2000, Army of Northern Virginia Battle Flag Beginning in July, 1862, the Richmond Depot started making the largest of the ANV flag issues in terms of number of flags made. Although Picketts Division would receive their new flags only marked with white painted unit designations on their red quadrants, most of the divisional issues had their battle honors painted in dark blue lettering in chronological order on their red quadrants, starting with the top, then the staff, then the fly, and finally the lower quadrant. Its casualties were 12 killed and 25 wounded at Drewry's Bluff, 1 killed and 77 wounded at the Battle of Five Forks, and 40 captured at the Battle of Sayler's Creek. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia. This sixth bunting type was superseded in early 1865 by the seventh and final type. A Guide to the Virginia Militia, War of 1812 Muster and Payrolls, 1812-1815 A Collection in the Library of Virginia Accession Number 36881 Library of Virginia The Library of Virginia 800 East Broad Street Richmond, Virginia 23219-8000 USA Phone: (804) 692-3888 (Archives Reference) Fax: (804) 692-3556 (Archives Reference) According to tradition this flag flew over the military stores in Bennington, Vermont, on August 16, 1777. This article is about the unit that served in the Confederate Army. There is, however, one flag of the second type used by the 6th Virginia Cavalry which has a pole sleeve of yellow (the cavalry branch colour). The field officers were Colonels Patrick T. Moore, Franklin G. Skinner, and Lewis B. Williams, Jr; Lieutenant Colonels William H. Fry and Frank H. Langley; and Majors John Dooley, William P. Mumford, George F. Norton, and William H. Palmer. First used on the sloop "Ranger", commanded by John Paul Jones. Us Army 1st Cavalry Division Vietnam Combat Veteran With Ribbon Garden Flag Outdoor Flags Double Sided Flag3x5ft $1865 $9.79 delivery Mar 6 - 27 Or fastest delivery Feb 16 - 22 2x3 1st Black Cavalry Division Army U.S. Virginia had previously authorized Thomas Gaskins to raise a regiment, which Gaskins was doing at Point of Fork with new levies upon the state militia. BATTLE FLAGS CAPTURED AT GETTYSBURGH, JULY 3, 1863. The reproduction flags
Unfortunately, there is controversy over the placement of the words, appearance of the trees and leaves, direction of branches, etc. During the French and Indian War, the Virginia Regiment was organized and was the only colonial regiment incorporated into the British line (1754-1763) and saw action at the Battle of Jumonville Glen, Fort Necessity, and the Braddock and Forbes expeditions. Army of Northern Virginia Battle Flag History [ edit] Origins [ edit] The regiment originated from the Charles City-Henrico County Regiment of Militia founded in 1652. Since Clark was the highest ranking Continental officer to operate in the future Northwest Territory, he has often been hailed as the Conqueror of the Old Northwest.. A 3 to 3 1/2 wide dark blue St. Andrews cross traversed the canton bearing thirteen white, 5-pointed stars, each 3 in diameter. This bunting was placed in the hands of Richmond military goods dealer, George Ruskell. On August 16, 1777, the Green Mountain Boys fought under General Stark at the Battle of Bennington. On June 14, 1777, the Continental Congress passed a resolution adopting an official flag for the Colonial forces. The resulting flags were about 42 square; their scarlet fields were crossed by a poorly dyed blue cotton St. Andrews cross without the usual white edging. Based on research by Howard Madaus, Devereaux Cannon, Ken Legendre, Alan Summrall, Richard Rollins, Greg Biggs, and a host of other flag enthusiasts. The exterior edges of the flags were finished with a heavy gold fringe. According to one account, these flags were later turned in so that their bunting could be recycled into other flags. The leading or staff edge continued to be finished with a white cotton canvas heading, 2 wide, pierced with three button hole eyelets for ties. Later in 1862 other 3rd bunting issue battle flags were similarly decorated with honors with white paint on the quadrants of the red field. STARS AND BARS Images of 11 Star versions of the first Confederate national flag. See more ideas about confederate soldiers, american civil war, confederate. By the Spring of 1862, the battle flag of the Confederate Army of the Potomac was neither widely distributed to the forces in Virginia nor was it the only battle flag in use. They were flags of protest and petition flown throughout the Thirteen Colonies during the five years prior to the outbreak of the Revolution. After this preliminary issue, the new size battle flags were issued as replacement flags for units whose flags were lost or worn out during the months from May through August of 1864. The Flags of Civil War, North Carolina, by Glenn Dedmondt. In the early months of the War, the Confederate War Department relied exclusively on the patriotic effusion of the ladies of the South for the unit colors of the units that assembled in Richmond during the Spring and Summer of 1861. The 24th was not engaged at Chickamauga, but did see action in the Knoxville Campaign. Vols., Commanding Army Potomac. There were two basic design types made. STARS AND BARS Images of the first Confederate national flag with more than 13 stars. From that point on, the flags of the United States took their own distinct path. As with the fifth bunting type, only one size (4 feet square) appears to have been made of this pattern. Co. F (2nd) (Beauregard Rifles): Capt. Gen. Beauregard first suggested the colors be a blue field with a red cross, but Miles countered that this was contrary to the laws of heraldry. Nevertheless, they signified the unity of the Thirteen Colonies in their struggle for independence. Placed on the arms of the cross were stars symbolizing the states of the Confederacy. Were most of the flags made in the Confederacy sewn by hand or by sewing machine? The first of these and the most famous was created in September, 1861 in Virginia. When General Stark died, he was the oldest (last) Revolutionary War general. The divisions marched together for several miles before taking different roads into Trenton. The flag described by Rawlin Lowndes, President of the South Carolina General Assembly, in a letter he sent to Commodore Alexander Gillon, Commander of the shipSouth Carolina, dated 19 July 1778 noted: The Flagg which you are to wear and which is the flagg by which the Navy of this State is in the future to be distinguished, is a rich Blue field, a Rice Sheaf Worked with Gold (or Yellow) in the Center, and 13 Stars Silver (or White) Scattered over the field.. The 1st Virginia Infantry was assigned to A. P. Hill's, Kemper's, and W. R. Terry's Brigade, Army of Northern Virginia. The regiment was merged into the 1st New York Regiment in 1781. ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA, Third National Pattern Regimental Flag The second type differed from the first in that the second type had white silk stars sewn to the blue saltire. The First Virginia Regiment of the Continental Line is dedicated to inspiring patriotism, educating the public, and portraying with reasonable accurac See more The First Virginia Regiment of the Continental Line Raised in 1775 The First Virginia Regiment was authorized by the Virginia Convention of July 17, See more 2,744 people like this Conclusion: The Civil War is an ugly, bloody scar in American History. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia . Running short of blue bunting, the width of the cross was narrowed to only 5 inches and the white stars were enlarged to 3 inches. In 1751, Benjamin Franklins Pennsylvania Gazette carried a bitter article protesting the British practice of sending convicts to America. Although near the end of the Confederacy, a surprisingly large number of the seventh type bunting issue battle flags were evidently made, as many examples survive. During the American Civil War (1861-1865) there was a 1st Virginia Infantry raised in the Confederate Army, but disbanded after the war. General Background On How Civil War Units Were Organized: Infantry Artillery Cavalry II. The seventh bunting pattern battle flags were issued from the Richmond Clothing Depot devoid of decoration. Constance Cary sent her flag to General Earl Van Dorn on 10 November 1861, and he acknowledged its receipt on the 12th, later noting that his staff celebrated the occasion with dramatic, if unofficial cermonies. The competition was a design from Louisiana with a St. Georges cross (horizontal/vertical). This shipment had left Bermuda on 29 March 1864 aboard the Index and had arrived at Wilmington on 9 April. Taylor. The Dont Thread on Me! and Rattlesnake Ensign has become a powerful American symbol which tradition tells us was used by the Continental Navy in 1775 and is now being used again by the U.S. Navy in the War on Terrorism. The 1 st Virginia Battalion, also called the Irish Battalion, became the provost guard for the Army of Northern Virginia. Gathering at the headquarters of the Army of the Potomac (later renamed the Army of Northern Virginia) were generals Joseph Johnston, G.T. They had bucks tails in their hats and tomahawks and scalping knives hung from their belts. The flag was a version of the Gadsden Flag created earlier in the year by South Carolina representative to Congress, Christopher Gadsden, but with Patrick Henry's famous words "Liberty or Death" added on the sides. View Unit / Regimental Information By State: Unit Rosters By Individual State One of the first Volunteer Regiments mustered into American Revolutionary War service (1777) from the Colony of Virginia, The 1st Regiment was commanded by legendary Patriot, Patrick Henry (Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death). from a sketch by Howard M. Madaus, Army of Northern Virginia Battle Flag Tradition tells us that this flag was raised over the Guilford Courthouse in North Carolina on March 15, 1781. This flag was widely used on ships during the Colonial period. This flags green field made sense when you realized the Green Mountain Boys carried the flag in the forest. 1861. The materials used were dress silk bolts purchased from Richmond area merchants in bulk. White bunting borders remained on three sides, while the fourth (staff) edge was finished with a white canvas heading pierced with three button hole eyelets. In November and December of 1861, the silk battle flags made in Richmond had only been distributed to the units of the four divisions of the Army at Centreville and to a few outlying brigades. Maj.-Gen. GEORGE G. MEADE, U.S. First Bunting Issue, 1862 The regiment saw action at the Battle of Great Bridge, New York Campaign, Battle of Trenton, Battle of Princeton, Battle of Brandywine, Battle of Germantown, Battle of Monmouth, Battle of Stony Point and the Siege of Charleston. Company A, Gregg Guards, Captain Comillus W. McCreary. Like the flag, his motto must have been, "I refuse to be subjugated." Lt. Col. Robinson served with the 1st Pennsylvania Regiment from 11 June 1777 till 1 January 1783. On November 13, 1861, the company was mustered out of service. his family until 2006 when they were sold at Sotheby's in NYC for $17.5 million. The first variant of the New England flag shown here also became a frequent naval ensign for all New England ships prior to 1707. This became the flag of the South Carolina Minute Men and the modern South Carolina State Flag still contains the crescent moon from this Revolutionary War flag. Wise Sent to, Co. E (2nd) (Washington Volunteers): Capt. J.B. Smith Mustered in as Co. In Virginia, the Culpeper Minutemen from Culpeper County fighting with Colonel Patrick Henry in the 1st Virginia Regiment fought under the Culpeper . They commanded a New Hampshire and Vermont militia brigade known as the Green Mountain Boys.. For the unit that served in the Revolutionary War, see, War history of the old First Virginia Infantry Regiment, Army of Northern Virginia / by Charles T. Loehr (1884), Record of the Richmond city and Henrico Co., Virginia troops, Confederate States Army (1879), John Dooley's Civil War An Irish American's Journey in the First Virginia Infantry Regiment, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1st_Virginia_Infantry_Regiment&oldid=1126802444, Units and formations of the Confederate States Army from Virginia, Military units and formations established in 1861, Military units and formations disestablished in 1865, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from public domain works of the United States Government, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Co. A (Richmond Grays): Capt. But John Trumbull, whose paintings of Revolutionary War scenes are quite famous, talked to eye-witnesses and his subsequent painting depicting the battle displayed the Continental flag as shown here. FIRST NATIONAL FLAGS FOR THE CONFEDERATE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, THE SECOND NATIONAL FLAG AS A FIELD AND BATTLE FLAG, THE THIRD NATIONAL FLAG AS A FIELD AND BATTLE FLAG, Photos and images of ANV silk battle flags, Photos and images of ANV 1st bunting issue battle flags, Photos and images of ANV 2d bunting issue battle flags, Photos and images of ANV 3d bunting issue battle flags, Photos and images of ANV 6th bunting issue battle flags, Photos and images of ANV 7th bunting issue battle flags, Photos and images of Richmond Clothing Depot Third National Flags, Return to the Confederate Flags Home Page. AWIC15 Virginia for Constitutional Liberty Flags. The story behind this flag was that our Ambassador to France, Ben Franklin, was then asked what the new countrys flag looked like. Dix, John Ross. This led to a wide interpretation by those sewing flags; although hundreds of flags were made, no two were exactly alike. Rather than let the garrison be captured by the overwhelming British forces, Colonel Christopher Greene decided to abandon the fort on November 20, leaving the British to occupy it the following day. The honors were painted on the last two issues by Richmond artist, Lewis Montague. #H199X $19.95 12x18" Boat Size; We have only one of those. Years later, Rebecca assisted her daughter in making an even more famous flag for our country, the Star Spangled Banner used at Ft. McHenry. She followed the accepted rules of heraldry and began and ended the stripes with white ones. AWIC27 11th Virginia Regiment . The Moultrie Flag was designed in 1775, and flew over Fort Sullivan (later named Ft. Moultrie) during the battle. The Richmond Whig newspaper article of December 2, 1861, tells of the presentation at Centreville on November 28: The exercises were opened by Adjutant General Jordan, who, in a brief but eloquent address, charged the men to preserve from dishonor the flags committed to their keeping. Other characteristics remained the same. The Bedford Flag may be the oldest complete flag known to exist in the United States. There, the American militia, led by Colonel John Stark, defeated a large British raiding force led by British General John Burgoyne in order to protect military supplies at Bennington. Silk Issue (First Type, Second Variation), 1861 search |
(At least two units decorated the stars with honors; another applied strips of cotton with the honors and yet another decorated its quadrants with painted honors.) A group from the 2nd Corps artillery were decorated with battle honors. CUSTOMIZED Civil War Flag . Sherman Temporarily attached to the regiment during the middle of July and transferred to the, Co. F (1st) (Cary's Company): Capt. Later, this Liberty flag was reportedly carried by the First New York Line Regiment, who largely came from Schenectady, between 1776-1777 during the revolution. To remind the delegates of the danger of disunity, the serpent was shown cut to pieces. Their St. Andrews crosses were usually between 6 and 7 wide and were flanked on each side with 5/8 wide white cotton tape. The 1st Virginia completed its organization at Richmond, Virginia, in May, 1861. Flag 2'x3' Banner Poly Grommets Fade Resistant Double Stitched Premium Quality 2 $424 $4.99 delivery Feb 16 - 21 These honors were printed on cotton strips that could be sewn to the flags. They had 12 gold painted stars on blue bars edged with white on fields of pink or rose. The British Ambassador demanded the ships Serapis and Alliance, and their crews, be seized as pirates because they flew no recognized flags, and turned over to them. At the time, Culpeper was considered frontier territory. Upon reflection, the 2.5 foot square flags may have been determined to be too small. Unfortunately, there has been no proven connection that this flag ever belonged to, or was used by, General Washington. source: Standards and Colors of the American Revolution [ric82]
On top of this Liberty Pole hung a homemade blue silk flag measuring 44 by 44 inches with the word LIBERTY in white sewed on one side. General William Howe, the commanding British general in Philadelphia, sent General Charles Cornwallis with 5,000 men to attack Fort Mercer, landing them by ferry three miles south of the fort. This was the best known of the British Maritime flags, or Ensigns, which were formed by placing the Union flag in the canton of another flag having a field of white, blue or red. Virginia in the American Civil War. Beauregard, Gustavus Smith and Congressman William Porcher Miles, then an aide on Beauregards staff. Apparently exchanged, Powell transferred to the 3d Virginia Regiment in February 1781 and was promoted to lieutenant that same . This version of the flag was the same in terms of dimensions as the previous Second Bunting. According to legend, the New Yorkers hauled down the British flag in 1775 and raised a plain white flag with a drawing of a black beaver centered on it to mark the occasion. This flag first saw combat under Commodore Hopkins, who was the first Commander-in-Chief of the new Continental Navy, when Washingtons Cruisers put to sea for the first time in February of 1776 to raid the Bahamas and capture stored British cannon and shot. By 1863 the supply of battle flags on hand at the Richmond Clothing Depot was sufficient to permit the re-equipping of entire divisions with new 3rd bunting issue battle flags. Miles offered the design with the St. Andrews cross he had submitted for consideration as a national flag. Army Quartermaster Colin M. Selph bought the entire silk supply of Richmond for making the flags (and the only red-like colors available in bulk were either pink or rose, hence these flags being of lighter shades). The center of the Flag featured a set of Green Laurels with a large Roman Numeral "I". It had a blue hoist sleeve for the flag pole. Copyright 2017 RevolutionaryWar.us | All Rights Reserved. The companies (with original commanders) were: It fought at the Battle of First Bull Run (First Manassas) in a brigade under James Longstreet and in August totaled 570 men. To provide replacements, the Richmond Clothing Depot produced a new subvariant of its bunting battle flag the sixth pattern change since 1862. Based on research by Howard Madaus, Devereaux Cannon, Ken Legendre, Alan Summrall, Richard Rollins, Greg Biggs, and a host of other flag enthusiasts.
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