The midrange is usually calculated as an intermediate step in determining other measures. This value is usually expressed as deaths per 100,000 live births plus stillbirths. passive surveillance see surveillance, passive. But some types of genital HPV can cause cancer of the . phrases. cumulative frequency in a frequency distribution, the number or proportion of observations with a particular value and any smaller value. mortality rate, age-adjusted a mortality rate that has been statistically modified to eliminate the effect of different age distributions among different populations. health information system a combination of health statistics from different sources. point-source outbreak see outbreak, point-source. Good synonyms? confidence limits the end points (i.e., the minimum and maximum values) of a confidence. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. While in Indonesia the infant mortality rate due to infection of Caput succedaneum in 2013 amounted to 11% from 35 per 1000 live births. Don't be surprised if none of them want the spotl One goose, two geese. Unit-specific infection control data showed that VRE infections decreased by 70% (n = 33 before and n = 10 after) in a 19-month period after the intervention. A 2003 analysis in the Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes calculated that more than $18 billion in medical costs could have been saved by the year 2010 had the CDC invested just $383 million more in prevention programming per year from 2000 to 2005, an amount that theoretically could have cut the annual HIV, About 70 percent of the country's people are Catholic; Burundi has an HIV, Each of the 1,000 simulations at the given, Adult HIV prevalence in Swaziland is above 40 percent, and Malawi is struggling with a 14 percent, At almost 39 percent, Swaziland's adult HIV, The project was established in 2001 in response to the growing HIV, We will continue to look for ways to lower the, In an article published in the February 2003 issue of Conservation Biology, he and his team found that important Northeastern tick host species such as white-footed mice fared better when forest tracts were smaller than five acres, and that the, Using a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences approach, they examined whether states with higher exposure to the reformulated OxyContin had faster growth of HCV, Similarly, a recent comparative study suggested that chlorhexidine appeared superior to povidone-iodine, as the latter tripled the. clinical criteria the medical features (e.g., symptoms, medical examination findings, and laboratory results) that are used in a case definition. It did not take long, however, before the infection leaked out and copies of the worm began spreading all over the Internet, infecting 130,000 computers worldwide. an infecting with germs of disease, as through the medium of infected insects, air, water, or clothing. See: The average airflow during the middle half of a forced vital capacity effort. antigen any substance (e.g., a toxin or the surface of a microorganism or transplanted organ) recognized as foreign by the human body and that stimulates the production of antibodies. incubation period the time interval from exposure to an infectious agent to the onset of symptoms of an infectious disease. epidemic period the time span of an outbreak or epidemic. The number of births per year per 1000 women between ages 15 and 44 in a given population. ITS THE MASS DEATH. efficacy the ability of an intervention or program to produce the intended or expected results under ideal conditions. cause, component a factor that contributes to a sufficient cause (see also cause, sufficient). In epidemiology, particularly for an outbreak investigation, a case definition specifies clinical criteria and details of time, place, and person. HPV infection is a viral infection that commonly causes skin or mucous membrane growths (warts). We used mRNA display under a reprogrammed genetic code to find a spike-targeting macrocyclic peptide that . discrete variable (or data) see variable (or data), discrete. reservoir the habitat in which an infectious agent normally lives, grows, and multiplies, which can include humans, animals, or the environment. host factor an intrinsic factor (e.g., age, race/ethnicity, sex, or behaviors) that influences a persons exposure, susceptibility, or response to an agent. Normally it is less than 10 mm/hr in men and slightly higher in women. trial, clinical an experimental study that uses data from individual persons. interquartile range a measure of spread representing the middle 50% of the observations, calculated as the difference between the third quartile (75th percentile) and the first quartile (25th percentile). Each cause of death is expressed as a percentage of all deaths, and the sum of the proportionate mortality for all causes must equal 100%. life expectancy a statistical projection of the average number of years a person of a given age is expected to live, if current mortality rates continue to apply. cause-specific mortality rate see mortality rate, cause-specific. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. statistical inference generalizations developed from sample data, usually with calculated degrees of uncertainty. measurement scale the complete range of possible values for a measurement. line graph, semilogarithmic-scale a graph that displays patterns or trends by plotting the frequency (e.g., number, proportion, or rate) of a characteristic or event during some variable, usually time. Home; infection; Synonyms for infection. denominator the lower portion of a fraction; used in calculating a ratio, proportion, or rate. Synonym: Upper Respiratory Tract Infections, Recurrent. mode of transmission the manner in which an agent is transmitted from its reservoir to a susceptible host (see also transmission). environmental factor an extrinsic factor (e.g., geology, climate, insects, sanitation, or health services) that affects an agent and the opportunity for exposure. years of potential life lost (YPLL) a measure of the impact of premature death on a population, calculated as the sum of the differences between a predetermined minimally acceptable age (e.g., 65 years or current life expectancy) and the age at death for everyone who died earlier than that age. percentile a set of cut points used to divide a distribution or a set of ranked data into 100 parts of equal area with each interval between the points containing 1/100 or 1% of the observations. Broad-spectrum antivirals are needed to safeguard against emerging variants and future pandemics. the webmaster's page for free fun content, Fixing HIV spending: leading AIDS advocates agree that a doubling of federal funding could make a dramatic difference in the fight against the disease, though they diverge when asked how they would allocate the additional money, Simulated anthrax attacks and syndromic surveillance, In Africa, a town unravels: AIDS is rapidly stealing the life from a village in Swaziland, Infectious disease: the human costs of our environmental errors, Rise in HCV infection rates linked to OxyContin reformulation, Can pin-site infection be prevented? Home; infection rate; Synonyms for infection rate. pathogenicity the ability of an agent to cause disease after infection, measured as the proportion of persons infected by an agent who then experience clinical disease. The alternative is adopted if the null hypothesis (see also hypothesis, null) proves implausible. infection rate. This is usually measured at a time when the subject is completely at rest and in a fasting state. HIPAA the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, enacted in 1996, which addresses the privacy of a persons medical information as well as postemployment insurance and other health-related concerns. The literature provides no clear guidance on how best to prevent pin-site infection following orthopaedic surgery, Relationship between hydrocephalus etiology and ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection in children and review of literature, Prevalence of Linguatula Serrata Infection in Domestic Ruminants in West Part of Iran: Risk Factors and Public Health Implications, Surgical site infections: incidence, bacteriological profiles and risk factors in a tertiary care teaching hospital, western India, THE EFFECT OF REUSABLE VERSUS DISPOSABLE SURGICAL DRAPES ON IMPLANTABLE CARDIAC ELECTRONIC DEVICE INFECTIONS, Sterile or non-sterile gloves for minor skin excisions? In other words, rates of prevalence. It is updated regularly. variable (or data), discrete a variable that is limited to a finite number of values; data for such a variable. independent variable see variable, independent. Outbreak A sudden increase of a specific illness in a small area. surveillance, active public health surveillance in which the health agency solicits reports. survival curve a line graph that begins with 100% of the study population and displays the percentage of the population still surviving at successive points in time. 2023. rated the movie excellent; rated him a fine cook. variable any characteristic or attribute that can be measured and can have different values. rate ratio a measure of association that quantifies the relation between an exposure and a health outcome from an epidemiologic study, calculated as the ratio of incidence rates or mortality rates of two groups. epidemic curve a histogram that displays the course of an outbreak or epidemic by plotting the number of cases according to time of onset. birth rate, crude the number of live births during a specified period divided by the mid-period population, usually expressed per 1,000 population. period prevalence see prevalence, period. rate of infection synonym Black&Red Black&Gold Black&Bluish purple Black&Purple Black&Black An example of a rate is: 1 HAI per 10,000 patient days in Hospital X in 2009. 4. prevalence, period the amount of a particular disease, chronic condition, or type of injury present among a population at any time during a particular period. Many of the mechanisms of resistance have been caused by the inappropriate prescription of antibiotics to treat illnesses such as the cold or flu or the over-prescription of broad-spectrum antibiotics. the most highly rated player in English football, in those crowded streets he wouldn't rate a second glance, it must rate as one of the most boring films around. 3. a fixed charge per unit of quantity: a rate of 10 cents a pound. From Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: The speed or frequency of occurrence of an event, usually expressed with respect to time or some other known standard. hypothesis, alternative the supposition that an exposure is associated with the health condition under study. The investigator specifies the type of exposure for each community and then follows the communities health status to determine the effects of the exposure. line graph, arithmetic-scale a graph that displays patterns or trends by plotting the frequency (e.g., number, proportion, or rate) of a characteristic or event during some variable, usually time. 2023 Reverso-Softissimo. statistical significance the measure of how likely it is that a set of study results could have occurred by chance alone. It is a major global health problem. In epidemiology, force of infection (denoted ) is the rate at which susceptible individuals acquire an infectious disease. proportionate mortality the proportion of deaths among a population attributable to a particular cause during a selected period. Search infection rate and thousands of other words in English definition and synonym dictionary from Reverso. Objective Rheumatology patients are at high risk for complications from pneumococcal infections. EMAILS SHOW THE MEATPACKING INDUSTRY DRAFTED AN EXECUTIVE ORDER TO KEEP PLANTS OPEN, TRAINED IMMUNITY OFFERS HOPE IN FIGHT AGAINST CORONAVIRUS, WEARING A MASK COULD PROTECT YOU FROM COVID-19 IN MORE WAYS THAN YOU THINK, EUROPE OVERTAKES U.S. AS COVID-19 HOTSPOT AS INFECTIONS SURGE, TIMES OF STRIFE CAN LEAD TO MEDICAL INNOVATIONWHEN GOVERNMENTS ARE WILLING, THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIAS COVID SURGE CONTINUES, WITH 1,400 CASES REPORTED THIS WEEK. Performs all aspects of patient care in an environment that optimizes patient safety and reduces the likelihood of medical/healthcare errors. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. THE PROBLEM WITH TRUMPS HERD MENTALITY LINE ISNT THE VERBAL FLUB. Data from these systems are used to learn about health status, health care, provision and use of services, and the impact of services and programs on health. The roles of different age groups in propagating Omicron epidemics in the whole . One moose, two moose. noun an act or fact of infecting; state of being infected. variable, independent an exposure, risk factor, or other characteristic being observed or measured that is hypothesized to influence an event or manifestation (the dependent variable). Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary. if this or if that is the case; if this or if that continues. axis one of the dimensions of a graph in a rectangular graph, the x-axis is the horizontal axis, and the y-axis is the vertical axis. synonyms. indirect transmission see transmission, indirect. The process of infecting or the state of being infected A measure of the contagiousness of a disease or illness Any contagious disease that spreads rapidly and kills many people more Noun An infectious disease disease illness virus contagion disorder indisposition infirmity affliction ailment bug complaint condition lurgy problem sickness symmetrical a type of distribution where the shapes to the right and left of the central location are the same. So even though cases overall grew, hospitalizations and deaths were down and that makes sense because younger people are more likely to experience mild or symptom-free, In other words, its hard to predict how many people might die of widespread, Some feared coming to work while others walked out of plants to protest the lack of, Data gathered in West Africa and elsewhere during the 1990s also built a case that BCG vaccination, in addition to preventing tuberculosis, protected people from a broad set of, They also refer to a recent study in Syrian hamsters that also suggested masking results in milder, Moving forward, medical innovation can play a substantial role in controlling and preventing, Thats still above the national average for new, THE NEW COVID-19 CASE SURGE IN EUROPE, EXPLAINED. The number of deaths per year of live-born infants less than 1 year of age divided by the number of live births in the same year. The number of live births per 1000 in the population in a given year. relative risk a general term for measures of association calculated from the data in a two-by-two table, including risk ratio, rate ratio, and odds ratio (see also risk ratio). case, index the first case or instance of a patient coming to the attention of health authorities. 10 Infection rate Synonyms. arbovirus any of a group of viruses that are transmitted between hosts by mosquitoes, ticks, and other arthropods. transmission (of infection) any mode or mechanism by which an infectious agent is spread to a susceptible host. The postneonatal mortality rate is usually expressed per 1,000 live births. Solve Now. The percentage of individuals afflicted with an illness who die as a result of it. the speed or frequency with which an event or circumstance occurs per unit of time, population, or other standard of comparison. Infant mortality rate is a universally accepted indicator of the health of a nations population and the adequacy of its health-care system. retrospective study see study, retrospective. variance a measure of the spread in a set of observations, calculated as the sum of the squares of deviations from the mean, divided by the number of observations minus 1 (see also standard deviation). histogram a visual representation of the frequency distribution of a continuous variable. frequency distribution a complete summary of the frequencies of the values or categories of a variable, often displayed in a two-column table with the individual values or categories in the left column and the number of observations in each category in the right column. association the statistical relation between two or more events, characteristics, or other variables. carrier a person or animal that harbors the infectious agent for a disease and can transmit it to others, but does not demonstrate signs of the disease. surveillance, medical monitoring of a person who might have been exposed to an infectious, chemical, radiologic, or other potentially causal agent, for the purpose of detecting early symptoms. measure of association a quantified relationship between exposure and a particular health problem (e.g., risk ratio, rate ratio, and odds ratio). contingency table a two-variable table of cross-tabulated data. contagion, contamination, corruption, defilement, poison, pollution, septicity, virus, English Collins Dictionary - English synonyms & Thesaurus, Collaborative Dictionary English Thesaurus. Tea-flavored ice cream doesn't rate highly in my book. immunity, active resistance developed in response to an antigen (i.e., an infecting agent or vaccine), usually characterized by the presence of antibody produced by the host. agent a factor (e.g., a microorganism or chemical substance) or form of energy whose presence, excessive presence, or in the case of deficiency diseases, relative absence is essential for the occurrence of a disease or other adverse health outcome. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. It is used to measure the frequency of Epidemics of Omicron and influenza have both contributed to those high mortality levels in late 2022. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. Synonyms for Rates of infection.Retrieved July 10, 2021, from https://www.classicthesaurus.com/rates_of_infection/synonyms transmission, vehicleborne transmission of an agent by an inanimate object; considered a type of indirect transmission; includes foodborne and waterborne transmission. arithmetic-scale line graph see line graph, arithmetic-scale. There are more than 100 varieties of human papillomavirus (HPV). attack rate, secondary a measure of the frequency of new cases of a disease among the contacts of known patients. The fishing line is rated for 30 pounds. observational study see study, observational. continuous variable see variable, continuous. Seizure. The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has impelled many countries all over the world to institute sweeping measures to help reduce infection rates and ultimately its utter elimination. incidence rate a measure of the frequency with which new cases of illness, injury, or other health condition occur, expressed explicitly per a time frame. mortality rate a measure of the frequency of occurrence of death among a defined population during a specified time interval. incidence a measure of the frequency with which new cases of illness, injury, or other health condition occurs among a population during a specified period. According to the 2018 Healthy Youth Survey, nearly 25% of eighth-graders, 31% of 10th-graders and 31% of 12th-graders reported seeing someone around their age pressure someone else to kiss, touch. The average age of someone with a breakthrough infection was 42, and it's notable that only one person was known to have a weakened immune system. Objectives In late December 2022, rates of mortality in France (over 2,500 daily deaths) have reached levels not seen since April 2020, with the most pronounced increase in mortality recorded in nursing homes. Search. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. vital statistics systematically tabulated data about recorded births, marriages, divorces, and deaths. ; the effective transmission rate. Two common types are cohort studies and case-control studies. rate [ rt] the speed or frequency with which an event or circumstance occurs per unit of time, population, or other standard of comparison. Synonyms contamination, infection, corruption, pollution, taint variable, dependent in a statistical analysis, a variable whose values are a function of one or more other variables. 1 vote. individual data values or observations from each record (also called raw data). central location (also called central tendency) a statistical measurement to quantify the middle or the center of a distribution. virulence the ability of an infectious agent to cause severe disease, measured as the proportion of persons with the disease who become severely ill or die. transmission, airborne transfer of an agent suspended in the air, considered a type of indirect transmission. Many conditions, including infections, medications, inflammatory diseases, and blood or bone marrow disorders, can cause an abnormal WBC count. field epidemiology see epidemiology, field. The graphic states that new HIV infections fell 8% from 2015 to 2019, after a period of general stability. experimental study see study, experimental. Despite the availability of vaccines, infection rates remain high due to immune evasive Omicron sublineages. scale, ordinal a measurement scale consisting of qualitative categories whose values have a distinct order but no numerical distance between their possible values (e.g., stage of cancer, I, II, III, or IV). The number of cases per year of certain diseases in relation to the size of the population in which they occur. outbreak the occurrence of more cases of disease, injury, or other health condition than expected in a given area or among a specific group of persons during a specific period. ) is the rate at which susceptible individuals acquire an infectious disease. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. The maximum rate of exhalation during a forced expiration, measured in liters per second or liters per minute. an abnormal state caused by contact with harmful organisms (such as bacteria or viruses), Post more words for infection to Facebook, Share more words for infection on Twitter. Synonyms of infection infection noun Definition of infection as in virus an abnormal state caused by contact with harmful organisms (such as bacteria or viruses) There is a viral infection spreading among the schoolchildren. mortality rate, sex-specific a mortality rate among either males or females. The speed at which the cells settle depends on how many red blood cells clump together. .css-1w804bk{font-size:16px;}See how your sentence looks with different synonyms. chain of infection the progression of an infectious agent that leaves its reservoir or host through a portal of exit, is conveyed by a mode of transmission, and then enters through an appropriate portal of entry to infect a susceptible host. However, excess risk risk difference, calculated as the risk among the exposed group minus the risk among the unexposed group. A This term is often used to describe the prevalence of malaria in a local area, with 10 to 50% of children showing evidence of prior infection being considered a moderate level . incidence proportion the fraction of persons with new cases of illness, injury, or other health condition during a specified period, calculated as the number of new cases divided by the size of the population at the start of the study period (see also attack rate). The rate of becoming infected ( ) is therefore 1 A confirmed case is "a person with laboratory confirmation of COVID-19 infection" as the World Health Organization (WHO) explains. This television programme has had some very bad ratings recently. transmission, indirect transfer of an agent from a reservoir to a host either by being suspended in air particles (airborne), carried by an inanimate objects (vehicleborne), or carried by an animate intermediary (vectorborne). {\displaystyle \lambda } The rate of occurrence of new cases of a disease. A nonspecific laboratory test used as a marker of inflammation. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. age-specific mortality rate see mortality rate, age-specific. Prostadine is a natural dietary supplement that uses an advanced prostate complex formula to boost prostate gland health. Usually, the cases are presumed to have a common cause or to be related to one another in some way. He says that he isn't sure whether we'll be allowed to finish, but at that rate we might as well not start. control in a case-control study, a member of the group of persons without the health problem under study (see also comparison group and study, case-control). Global daily statistics. confidence interval a range of values for a measure (e.g., rate or odds ratio) constructed so that the range has a specified probability (often, but not necessarily, 95%) of including the true value of the measure. The study is created by eHealthMe and uses data from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Links to your sources would be appreciated. Herd immunity is based on having a substantial number of immune persons, thereby reducing the likelihood that an infected person will come in contact with a susceptible one among human populations, also called community immunity. frequency the amount or number of occurrences of an attribute or health outcome among a population. infection rates. In this case, Pandemic When a new disease spreads to many countries around the world. The y-axis, measuring frequency, uses an arithmetic scale. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. infection contagion, contamination, corruption, defilement, poison, pollution, septicity, virus English Collins Dictionary - English synonyms & Thesaurus See also: inflection, injection, infectious, infect Collaborative Dictionary English Thesaurus payday loan n. The distinction between the two is clear (now). Reducing such a factor among a population should reduce occurrence of the disease. transmission, direct immediate transfer of an agent from a reservoir to a host by direct contact or droplet spread. inflection, injection, infectious, infect. infection rates. arthropod an organism that has jointed appendages and segmented external skeleton (e.g., flies, mosquitoes, ticks, or mites). surveillance, sentinel a surveillance system that uses a prearranged sample of sources (e.g., physicians, hospitals, or clinics) who have agreed to report all cases of one or more notifiable diseases. I am not an alcoholic and I use to drink only on weekends. Similarly, a person who does not have the disease but who nonetheless fits the case definition, or a patient or outbreak erroneously identified by a surveillance system. (-0001). population pyramid a graphical display of the age-sex distribution of a population, constructed with a horizontal histogram of the age distribution of males pointing to the left, and the corresponding horizontal histogram of age distribution of females pointing to the right. efficiency the ability of an intervention or program to produce the intended or expected results with a minimum expenditure of time and resources. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. rate of prevalence. effectiveness the ability of an intervention or program to produce the intended or expected results in the field. confounding the distortion of the association between an exposure and a health outcome by a third variable that is related to both. The paper is devoted to monitoring the environmental coliform bacteria (CB) contamination (soil and water) in the environmental disaster areas in the Kazakhstan part of the Aral Sea Region and ranking districts by their level of contamination and the rate of gastrointestinal infections (GI). prevalence, point the amount of a particular disease, chronic condition, or type of injury present among a population at a single point in time. Data points are plotted at the midpoints of the intervals and are connected with straight lines. Until the beginning of 2010, the worm had managed to crash 20% of Iran's functioning centrifuges for uranium enrichment, setting back the country's nuclear program with 2 years. spectrum of illness the range of manifestations a disease process can take (e.g., from asymptomatic to mild clinical illness to severe illness and death). In epidemiology, does not imply intentional deviation. immunity, herd the resistance to an infectious agent of an entire group or community (and, in particular, protection of susceptible persons) as a result of a substantial proportion of the population being immune to the agent. . false-negative a negative test result for a person who actually has the condition similarly, a person who has the disease (perhaps mild or variant) but who does not fit the case definition, or a patient or outbreak not detected by a surveillance system.
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