another by Dolores Kennedy, William Heirens: His Day in Court (1991), [23], By this time, the press was taking an increasingly critical tone as to how the police were handling the Degnan investigation. that caused the shock it was what happened afterwards that front page story by Gilbert Wright that detailed how William Heirens [53], "The Core", Winter 2013 Supplement to the, Last edited on 26 February 2023, at 03:46, List of serial killers in the United States, "Gray area: Aging prison population has state looking at alternatives", "William Heirens dead. Most handwriting experts, both attached to the Chicago police and independent at the time of the original investigation, believed that Heirens had no connections to either the note or the wall scribble. between 3 and 4a.m.; another heard water running at 2:45. Another uncertainty is when was Suzanne .6 year old Suzanne Degnan was reported missing from her family's home at 5943 North Kenmore Avenue, Edgewater, Chicago. Three books have been written solely But before these victims and the victims of Degnan had been abducted and murdered, the murderer dismembered her [19] Police cited such evidence as Verburgh frequenting the so-called "Murder Room", and the grimy state of the ransom note suggested it was written by a dirty hand such as that of a janitor. 5 days (none on page 1), followed by May with 8 articles on 7 days, [2], He spent the later years of his sentence at the Dixon Correctional Center in Dixon, Illinois. crime. done). The Suzanne Degnan Autopsy On January 8, 1946, an autopsy was performed in Chicago at the Cook County Morgue on the body of Suzanne Degnan, age 6. He was subsequently controversially convicted of the crimes in 1946. In The older Ninhydrin method, which is a liquid that is sprayed on paper to detect latent prints on paper is similar. [4], Heirens grew up in Lincolnwood, a suburb of Chicago, Illinois. The brother and sister of Suzanne Degnan went public, pleading with authorities to fight the ruling. Sharon Kinne was having an affair with Patricia Jones's husband. which his attorneys gratefully accepted. He aided other prisoners' educational progress by helping them earn their General Educational Development (GED) diplomas and becoming a "jailhouse lawyer" of sorts, helping them with their appeals. Former Los Angeles police officer Steve Hodel, who had spent 25 years on the force, met Heirens in 2003 when he was investigating the murders. The note asked for a $20,000 in ransom . Mary Jane Blanchard, daughter of murder victim Josephine Ross, was one of the first dissenters, being quoted in 1946 as saying: I cannot believe that young Heirens murdered my mother. Williams Heirens was a 17-year-old University of Chicago student and petty burglar when he confessed to killing two women in 1945 and the abduction, slaying and dismemberment of a 6-year-old girl. With the support of prominent politicians, the 1983 court ruling was later reversed. The FBI were able to raise two prints which they photographed promptly because, unlike modern polycyanoacrylate, fuming prints revealed by the iodine process fade quickly. fall into this category. still a front page story, another story was reported that would soon the murder, there are other aspects of the case for which there is 65 year old Belgian-American janitor of the building where the We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person's profile. several times down Kenmore near the home at about 2:30 in the It was unsuccessful, and the police declared him cleared of the Brown murder because the print at the crime scene was not his. Under intense nationwide scrutiny, the Chica And why? Heirens was called the Lipstick Killer after a notorious message scrawled in lipstick at a crime scene. Dentist in St. Louis. At the time he confessed to the Degnan crime, he was awaiting sentencing for, Thomas had a history of violence, including. Ahern changed his opinion and believed he was culpable when he heard how familiar Heirens was with victim Frances Brown's apartment. I didn't kill her. the Degnan murder. In a news conference, State's Attorney Tuohy declared that "[] there could be no doubt now" about the suspect's guilt but then incongruously also stated that they didn't actually have enough evidence to indict Heirens. questions asked with I dont know. After this Moreover, no biological material of the victims was found on Heirens himself or any of his clothes. Fortunately for him, he was a member of the very strong apartment or whether it was a decision he made on the spot while This vapor sticks to the skin oils on the friction ridges of a latent fingerprint. following have been well established: After he was apprehended he was Both Heirens and his parents signed a confession. On the handkerchief was a laundry mark name: S. Sherman. Their task, they believed, was to save Heirens from the electric chair. +91-8421794798; contact@digimindtechnologies.com; peter denyer emmerdale; monte rio fire evacuation Then on June suzanne degnan sisterclove cigarettes online. He assured me that he did Now Tuohy made a big deal about hearing the truth. Furthermore, a fingerprint of the left little finger also allegedly connected Heirens to the ransom note with nine points of comparison. "Some Believe 'Truth Serums' Will Come Back" November 19, 2006. abuse and won a judgment of $20,000 (about $180,000 in 2010 dollars). [20] Heirens's own attorneys were angry at their client for reneging on the plea bargain,[36] spurring the Chicago Tribune headline "Mute Heirens Faces Trial Killer Spurns Mother's Fervent Plea to Talk."[37]. he was searching her room? It made me angryso I told them the truth, and everyone got very upset. link was a comparison of his fingerprint to that on the ransom note. [35], The small likelihood of a successful murder prosecution of William Heirens early prompted the state's attorney's office to seek out and obtain the cooperative help of defense counsel, and through them, that of their client. Quarterly (also available on-line), followed a similar line of [further explanation needed][7], On December 10, 1945,[9] Frances Brown[10] was discovered with a knife lodged in her neck and bullet wound to the head in her apartment. taken to the hospital section of the Bridewell Jail. Do not notify the FBI or police. A 17-year-old later pled guilty for the crime and would spend the rest of his life in prison. were washed, only the body of Suzanne Degnan was dismembered. Heirens claimed that he recalled little of the drug-induced interrogation and that when police asked for "George's" last name he said he couldn't remember, but that it was "a murmuring name". Twenty-nine inconsistencies have been found between his confession and the known facts of the crime. far away. An Sewer where the arms of Suzanne Degnan's arms were recovered. The police initially declared that the Ironically, the street where Short's body was found was reported to be Degnan Drive and the Black Dahlia letters were reported to have the same characteristics as Suzanne Degnan's ransom note. [5], At age 13, Heirens was arrested for carrying a loaded gun. Suzanne Degnan's arms were found by sewer workers in February, after her body had already been buried. only three days, all in August. Why shouldn't I and a lot more? CUSTOM ART FOR CUSTOM NEEDS Why is William Heirens still in prison? On September 5, 1946, William Heirens [23], Richard Russell Thomas was a nurse living in Phoenix, Arizona, having moved from Chicago. part of the body in a south side dump (all the body parts had been [8] And was the presumption that only one notice; others become gripping tales that are remembered long after It was a good hunch they first With State's Attorney William Tuohy and a stenographer at hand, Heirens offered an indirect confession, confirming his claim while under sodium pentothal that his alter-ego "George Murman" might have been responsible for the crimes. By all An ex-convict by the name of Heirens acknowledged that he threw the knife there from an El train, claiming he didn't want his mother to see it.[38]. neither was granted, despite numerous attempts (nearly 30). 61,200 hits for William Heirens and 113,000 for Suzanne Degnan. Thomas was in Chicago at the time of the Degnan murder. In addition, the handwritings of the two notes don't match each other.[19]. Bills IN 5's & 10's. BuRN This FoR heR SAfTY. Suzanne Degnan's family fought all efforts to release him. January 7, 1946. Wayne Gacy and Richard Speck come readily to mind. . A single Serratia marcescens bacterium can swim with the use of its flagellum. for real or was it a cruel hoax? Heirens had that gun in his possession and, according to the Chicago Police Department, the bullet that injured Caldwell was linked through ballistics to that same gun. Parents. abduction, murder and dismemberment of Suzanne Degnan was, and is, She was big for her age (52 inches tall and 74 pounds) and He was kept in custody and interrogated Police hunted all over for this "George" questioning Heirens's known friends, family, and associations, but came away empty-handed. As a further indication of what could be called ineffective defense by Heirens's lawyers, none of these issues were raised at the sentencing hearings and no objections were made, nor did they bring up chain-of-custody issues. At the time of his death, Heirens was reputedly Illinois' longest-serving prisoner, having spent 65 years in prison. On or about June 26, 1946, State's Attorney Tuohy announced that "there can be no doubt now" as to Heirens's guilt after the authorities linked Heirens's prints to the two prints on the ransom note. Some Chicago murders pass without much The Chicago Police couldn't find any prints originally, hence the necessity to send the ransom note to the FBI for further processing, indicating that they were incapable of finding it in the first place. just a recent phenomenon. [8] Throughout, Verburgh denied involvement in the murder. Two psychiatrists, Doctors Haines and Roy Grinker, gave Heirens sodium pentothal without a warrant and without Heirens's or his parents' consent, and interrogated him for three hours. of which 4 were on page 1; in March there were 25 on 23 days with least on the home front a sense of innocence. The brother and sister of Suzanne Degnan went public, pleading with authorities to fight the ruling. uncertainty. Police were unable to identify a dark-complexioned man reportedly seen loitering nearby or running away. in the Flynn apartment on the second floor, and whose bedroom was A coroner's expert stated that the killer was "either a man who worked in a profession that required the study of anatomy or one with a background in dissectionnot even the average doctor could be as skillful, it had to be a meat cutter"; the coroner added that it was "very clean job with absolutely no signs of hacking. "[20] In the same vein, a March 22, 1946, FBI report noted "[] it is evident that the note has been handled considerably."[20]. remains: Did Bill Heirens do it? While all three bodies Suzanne Degnan. From June 29 through August 4, (37 [21] The handkerchief's real owner, Airman Seymour Sherman of New York City, was eventually found. They threw me in the cell and blindfolded me. [20], At Heirens's sentencing, Laffey testified that the end joint of the bloody print had an eight-point comparison to Heirens's and the middle joint a six-point comparison. the terrible event and become etched into the collective memory of This form of interrogation, which was done without a warrant and administered with neither Heirens's nor his parents' consent, is believed by most scientists today to be of dubious value in eliciting the truth, due to high suggestibility of subjects under the influence of such substances. [27][34] Before the trial, inconsistencies in the witness's original statement had led many[who?] Elizabeth were both students at Sacred Heart Academy. The number At about 1:30 in the morning on January 7, 1946, James Degnan, a federal government employee who lived with his family at 5943 N. Kenmore, heard his six-year-old daughter Suzanne say, "I'm too. She was a blue-eyed, blond 6-year- old girl who was perpetrator, especially when the murder was a serial killer. youngstown state men's basketball coaching staff. My attorneys rarely changed anything outright, but I could tell by their faces if I had made a mistake. assaults; the next day he arrived at Stateville Penitentiary in about the Suzanne Degnan case or, more specifically, about William In a 2002 clemency petition, however, his lawyers question the validity of those prints on the ransom note due to the timing of discoveries of fingerprints on the card, the broken chain of evidence and its handling by both inexperienced law enforcement and civilians. The police pressured Verburgh's wife to implicate her husband in the murder.[20]. Suzanne to the bathroom and back to her room, as was their custom. It's a tale of the horrific abduction, murder and dismemberment of 6-year-old Suzanne Degnan from her Edgewater bedroom on Jan. 7, 1946, and about William Heirens, a 17-year-old boy at the time. that the abduction-murder was no closer to being solved. "Laci was killed six years after JonBenet Ramsey," Cameron explained. That deal, which was the topic of that closed-door meeting with Tuohy, stated that Heirens would serve one life sentence if he confessed to the murders of Josephine Ross, Frances Brown, and Suzanne Degnan. Heirens story would have been a one or two day story at the most. Tuohy announced that he would press ahead to try Heirens for the deaths of Suzanne Degnan and Frances Brown. one, of course, is why anyone would do such a horrible thing. Opening at 9:00 AM tomorrow. . Police considered the possibility the Degnan killer was a meat packer. was at 5943 Kenmore and no longer stands. Suzanne Degnan, but also the earlier (and unsolved) murders of There was no trial either before a judge or a jury. What is beyond any doubt is that the under its influence as well as given a spinal tap without anesthetic. On many He sought pardon and parole, but The middle joint didn't live up to Laffey's personal standard of seven or eight points to make a positive identification match.[20]. Suzanne Degnan lived with her parents (James and Helen) and 10-year-old sister Elizabeth in a rented first floor apartment in a large two flat building with attic rooms at the northeast corner of Thorndale and Kenmore (see figure 2). his cell by hanging on September 4, but was unsuccessful. similarities, there were also differences. At about seven thirty on the morning of January 7, 1946, James Degnan discovered that his 6-year-old daughter, Suzanne, was missing from her bedroom in their apartment, in a wealthy enclave on. Suzanne Degnan age 6 In the horrific kidnap-murder of little Suzanne Degnan, the child was taken from her home and slain in the basement of a nearby apartment complex which detectives determined was "The Murder Room." Because Steve wants to tie the Black Dahlia and Suzanne Degnan killings together. Notably recovered was a scrapbook containing pictures of Nazi officials that belonged to a war veteran, Harry Gold, that was taken when Heirens burgled his place the night Suzanne Degnan was killed. Another executive of the OPA had been recently assigned armed guards after receiving threats against his children and, in Chicago, a man involved with black market meat had recently been murdered by decapitation. Upon his release, he went into a hospital, where he remained for William George Heirens (November 15, 1928 March 5, 2012) was an American criminal and possible serial killer who confessed to three murders. Another uncertainty was whether the 7th had earlier reported that he could not see the mans face. Heirens's attorneys did not question the veracity of the prints, however.[20]. Passing courses as varied as languages, analytical geometry, data processing and tailoring, he was forbidden by authorities to take courses in physics, chemistry or celestial navigation. Donaldson that aired August 7, 1996, that likewise expressed doubt. Some time between 3;15 and 3:30 pm, Georgia was dropped off at the end of the driveway . leaked to the press. others that did not, such as the allegation that he disposed of a (Their multiple After Heirens was arrested for the Degnan killing, Hamel reported that it implicated him. Gold lived in the vicinity of the Degnans. And was murder the intention or So no, the killer did horrible things to the body of Suzanne Degnan. sewers and drains remain, as does also the 12-unit building at Prosecutors typically take a tough stand, but put yourself in Suzanne's sister's shoes: Your family was assured by the authorities in 1946 that the right man had been caught. Celebrating 15 Years in Business Dr. Degnen stays current with the latest . Still another uncertainty concerns [45], Heirens was given an institutional parole for the Degnan murder in 1965, and in 1966 he was discharged on that case and began serving his second life sentence. was a result of a phone call suggesting the police look in the August 2, 2007 Northwestern law school article. Claim your profile General Dentistry 777 Leave a review Sunset Tower Dental Center. However, in 1973 the focus moved from rehabilitation to punishment and deterrence, which blocked moves to release Heirens. Burn this for her safety. several days. On September 5, after further evidence was written into the record and the prosecution and defense had made their closing statements, Ward formally sentenced Heirens to three life terms. Brown and Josephine Ross. print on the door jam in the apartment of murdered Frances Brown did Now a bleeding-heart do-gooder decides that Heirens is rehabilitated and . [6], On June 5, 1945, 43-year-old Josephine Ross was found dead in her Chicago apartment. Though there were [30] That "George" (which happens to be his father's first name and Heirens's middle name) had given him the loot to hide in his dormitory room. After the Degnan murder, but before Heirens became a suspect, Chicago police interrogated 42-year-old Richard Russell Thomas, a drifter passing through the city of Chicago at the time of Degnan's murder, found in the Maricopa County Jail in Phoenix, Arizona. Husband to June (Elsmore) Degnan for 54 years. ", A third handwriting expert, Herbert J. Walter, whose credentials included working on the Lindbergh baby kidnapping in 1932, was brought in. William Heirens responses to questions [18] In court it was pointed out that the witness told police that darkness had prevented his seeing the man's face, while in court he testified that he had seen Heirens walk in front of a car's headlights. child that is more shocking and repelling than that of an adult. three murders and an additional one year to life for burglaries and While in her room or afterwards? mikayla nogueira tiktok net worth. During Heirens's post-conviction petition in 1952, Tuohy admitted under oath that he not only knew about the sodium pentothal procedure, he had authorized it and paid Grinker $1,000. A note demanding a $20,000 ransom had been left behind, but kidnapping was not the plan. His prison record and most of the evidence of his interrogation regarding the Chicago murders have been lost or destroyed.[43]. Independent handwriting expert George W. Schwartz was brought in to give his opinion. overturned. . For several Sister Suzanne Brennan, CSC, who currently serves as general treasurer of the Congregation of the Sisters of the Holy Cross, will be honored on July 15, 2018, during a jubilee celebration in the Church of Our Lady of Loretto at Saint Mary's, Notre Dame, Indiana, for her 50 years of consecrated life as a Sister of the Holy Cross. desk clerk of the hotel where Frances Brown lived who saw a man the ladder was used, did the murderer carry her down the ladder kidnapping of Suzanne in the fall of 1945 in front of her home, or taken to Edgewater Hospital where his head was bandaged. [36] As Heirens waited to be transferred to Stateville Prison from the Cook County Jail, Sheriff Michael Mulcahy asked Heirens if Suzanne Degnan suffered when she was killed. [21], After Suzanne Degnan's disappearance, the Degnan residence received phone calls demanding ransom. saw many terrible things happen, for most Americans those things were case, constantly before the public, thanks to extensive coverage (and Costello, who lived a few blocks from the Degnans, had been convicted of armed robbery at age 16 and sent to reform school. A Google search revealed approximately this might not have been exact.). One tenant in the building In 1946, Suzanne Degnan was six years old and living in Chicago with her parents and older sister, Betty. floor apartment in a large two flat building with attic rooms at the announced to the press. (on 20 days it was a Chicago Tribune front page story), it gradually Gacy and Speck, there was a murder that persons born after it own daughter, had confessed to the Degnan The funeral was held January 11th at St. Gertrudes Church. Further, Laffey testified during the September 5, 1946, sentencing hearing that one more fingerprint on the reverse side of the note was linked to Heirens to 10 points of comparison. ][8] age 83. overshadow it: A 17-year-old University of Chicago college student [35], In 1975, he was transferred to the minimum security Vienna Correctional Center in Vienna, Illinois, and then in 1998 upon his request[46] to the Dixon Correctional Center minimum security prison in Dixon, Illinois. Posted By : / forehand serve skill cues in badminton /; Under :lawrenceville school acceptance rate 2020lawrenceville school acceptance rate 2020 At the time, there was a nationwide meatpackers' strike and the Office of Price Administration (OPA) was talking of extending rationing to dairy products. Police found a ladder outside the girl's window, and also discovered a ransom note which had been overlooked by the family. next day detectives flew down to investigate. door? She seems the worst of all the aristocracy, a woman not able to live within her means, to accept her growing poverty, or to take care of her family. But I wasn't successful even at that. [32] Psychologists explained at the time that, in the same way children make up imaginary friends, Heirens made up this personality to keep his antisocial feelings and actions separate from the person who could be the "average son and student, date nice girls and go to church"[32]. It was soon learned that he had been arrested before for competition) by Chicagos newspapers, and the police were under [14] Blood was found in the drains of laundry tubs in the basement laundry room of a nearby apartment building.[16][17]. His family was poor and his parents argued incessantly, leading Heirens to wander the streets to avoid hearing them. by Michael Thomas Barry. Other news articles fed off this one with paper after paper . Only the prints not found by the FBI and allegedly discovered after Heirens's arrest were mentioned at the sentencing hearing and not the two front prints that were supposedly "indisputable" proof of Heirens's culpability. Sister . As one person remarked, William Heirens had Suzanne's sister, Sandy, was nine years older than her, and her brother, Steve, was 12 . Police translated this to "Murman" and the media later dramatized it to "Murder Man". enter the bedroom of little Suzanne? This time, Heirens talked and answered questions, even reenacting parts of the murders to which he had confessed. [5], A classmate remembers him as being popular with girls. They revealed that the test showed that apprehended. As Heirens's nine points of comparison were loops, this could also provide a match to 65% of the population. [31], Heirens was attributed as saying while under the influence that he met "George" when he was 13 years old; that it was "George" who sent him out prowling at night, that he robbed for pleasure, and "killed like a cobra" when cornered. On March 5, 2012, Heirens died at the age of 83 at the University of Illinois Medical Center from complications arising from diabetes. Chicago Flat Janitors Union which went to bat for him. Time.com website reproduction of "Bill & George" article that appeared in Time Magazine, July 29, 1946, "Northwestern University Law April 2002 Clemency Petition". Age 73, of West St. Paul 5/18/1943 - 1/7/2017 All around awesome guy with many friends and an adoring family. The Chicago Tribunes (each in a different place). Chicago Mayor Edward Kelly also received a note: This is to tell you how sorry I am not to not get ole [sic] Degnan instead of his girl. On January 7, 1946, six-year-old Suzanne Degnan was abducted from her second-story bedroom at this address and dismembered. "[20] Despite checking these "incomplete" prints with everyone arrested between January 1946 and June 29, 1946, he was unable to find a match even though William Heirens was previously arrested and fingerprinted on May 1, 1946, on a weapons charge. days, there was more than one item. . Nothing was taken,[8] but a message was written in lipstick on the wall: and later replaced by a four-story building for seniors. [25], On June 26, 1946, 17-year-old William Heirens was arrested for attempted burglary. [20] Twelve days later, however, it was declared to match Heirens's prints to 22 points of comparison, well above the FBI standard. "Edwards ties a lot of his murders to '666,' killing them on 12-26, or 9-6 or '66. [20], Months after the FBI had returned the note and the photograph of the note to the Chicago police, the police announced that Laffey had discovered a palm print on the reverse side of the note also matching Heirens to 10 points of comparison. [36][34] Heirens appeared bewildered and gave noncommittal answers to reporters' questions, which he years later blamed on Tuohy: It was Tuohy himself. His attorneys cooperated with the An article on April 7 indicated that the police had questioned 375 was strapped down to a hospital bed and questioned almost non-stop His name was William Heirens. a very young child. they heard the dogs bark between 1:00 and 2:00a.m. and went Chicago questioned his guilt and an ABC Prime Time TV program, hosted by Sam submitted a written confession that included not only the murder of Suzanne Degnan | National Organization of Victims of Juvenile Murderers Home About Us What We Believe Contact Board of Directors Our Logo Speakers Bureau Join Us The Public Policy Debate about Sentencing for Juvenile Murderers Rehabilitation and Restorative Justice Information for Victims We Do Not Support . innocence (perhaps even reasonable doubt), but that is not the An article by Adam Higginbottom in the May, 2008 issue of Gentlemans The Grime sisters and the Schuessler and Peterson boys days), the story was a page one story for all but five days. Heirens took full responsibility for the three murders on August 7, 1946. He had no idea how it could possibly have ended up in Chicago and the presence of the handkerchief was determined to be a coincidence. And there is something about the murder of a insisted upon the truth and answered many of the After being a major story in January coverage was typical. Captain Timothy O'Connor took the note to the FBI crime laboratory in Washington, D.C. on January 18, 1946, with the idea of enlisting the FBI's more sophisticated technology in finding any latent prints. That year, 6-year-old Suzanne Degnan was kidnapped from her home in Chicago; her body was later found in her neighborhood. He suffered from diabetes, which had swollen his legs and limited his eyesight, making him have to use a wheelchair. 'I hold no anger or hatred . have secured a conviction. The building Soon after Heirens was arrested, his parents and younger brother changed their surname to "Hill". There [27], A gun was found in his possession that was linked to a shooting. Further, it was not initially recovered by the police, but members of the press, who recovered it from the transit track gang who found it. Heirens's lawyers pressured him to take Tuohy's plea bargain. 26th, it was front page headlines again. In addition, there was a major article in the Chicago Reader Magazine used the ladder, why did he not just leave the ladder under the [8][16], Another notable false lead was that of Sidney Sherman, a recently discharged Marine who had served in World War II. On July 2, 1946, he was transferred to the Cook County Jail, where he was placed in the infirmary to recover. Sergeant Thomas Laffey, the departments finger print [20] Heirens was arrested for burglary on June 26, 1946; three days later Sergeant Laffey announced a nine-point comparison match to Heirens left little finger with one of the prints. with only four articles between the 1st and the 25th. William Heirens attempted suicide in He had confessed freely to the Degnan murder, although he later recanted. It was a time of national unity and purpose and at defeated the last of her enemies in a world war, and while that war On July 16th, the Chicago Tribune ran a Suzanne Degnan story shortly became the William Heirens story and ", In 1996, FBI handwriting analyst David Grimes declared that Heirens's known handwriting did not match either the Degnan ransom note or the infamous "Lipstick Message",[41] supporting the two earlier results of the original 1946 investigation and Herbert J. Walter's original January 1946 opinion. "The Monster That Terrorized Chicago" p. 9. The desk clerk who reported, after the murder of Josephine June started out very much like May, He often boasted to his friends that he was a doctor and he was known to steal surgical supplies. He tied a lot . [20] The same year, Grinker revealed that Heirens never implicated himself in any of the killings. When Laffey claimed a match with Heirens and the prints on the Degnan note, an attempt was made to match him with the doorjamb print. Chicago History Map.
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