Baird, Charles W. "History of the Huguenot Emigration to America." A two-volume illustrated folio paraphrase version based on his manuscript, by Jean de Rly, was printed in Paris in 1487. Ancient relics and texts were destroyed; the bodies of saints exhumed and burned. Typically the Annual French Service takes place on the first or second Sunday after Easter in commemoration of the signing of the Edict of Nantes. The Huguenots adapted quickly and often married outside their immediate French communities. He was regarded by the Gallicians as a noble man who respected people's dignity and lives. The cities of Bourges, Montauban and Orlans saw substantial activity in this regard. These were especially poor wretches living in desperate circumstances or mercenaries who had been unemployed since the end of the 30 years war. Other editions - View all. [61], Article 4 of 26 June 1889 Nationality Law stated: "Descendants of families proscribed by the revocation of the Edict of Nantes will continue to benefit from the benefit of 15 December 1790 Law, but on the condition that a nominal decree should be issued for every petitioner. [30] During the Protestant Reformation, Lefevre, a professor at the University of Paris, published his French translation of the New Testament in 1523, followed by the whole Bible in the French language in 1530. Such economic separation was the condition of the refugees' initial acceptance in the city. Updated on January 12, 2018. [39], Huguenot numbers grew rapidly between 1555 and 1561, chiefly amongst nobles and city dwellers. Huguenot, any of the Protestants in France in the 16th and 17th centuries, many of whom suffered severe persecution for their faith. The French crown's refusal to allow non-Catholics to settle in New France may help to explain that colony's low population compared to that of the neighbouring British colonies, which opened settlement to religious dissenters. An estimated 50,000 Protestant Walloons and Huguenots fled to England, about 10,000 of whom moved on to Ireland around the 1690s. Around 1685, Huguenot refugees found a safe haven in the Lutheran and Reformed states in Germany and Scandinavia. A. Roche promoted this idea among historians. The community and its congregation remain active to this day, with descendants of many of the founding families still living in the region. The Weavers, a half-timbered house by the river, was the site of a weaving school from the late 16th century to about 1830. The names displayed are those for which The National Huguenot Society has received and has on file in its archives documented evidence proving, according to normally accepted genealogical standards, that the individual listed was indeed a . Although 19th-century sources have asserted that some of these refugees were lacemakers and contributed to the East Midlands lace industry,[101][102] this is contentious. [58], After this, the Huguenots (with estimates ranging from 200,000 to 1,000,000[5]) fled to Protestant countries: England, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Norway, Denmark, and Prussiawhose Calvinist Great Elector Frederick William welcomed them to help rebuild his war-ravaged and underpopulated country. In Bad Karlshafen, Hessen, Germany is the Huguenot Museum and Huguenot archive. [citation needed], With the proclamation of the Edict of Nantes, and the subsequent protection of Huguenot rights, pressures to leave France abated. In 1840 there were 10 Hubert families living in Louisiana. Soon, they became enraged with the Dutch trading tactics, and drove out the settlers. [25][26], The first known translation of the Bible into one of France's regional languages, Arpitan or Franco-Provenal, had been prepared by the 12th-century pre-Protestant reformer Peter Waldo (Pierre de Vaux). [74] Upon their arrival in New Amsterdam, Huguenots were offered land directly across from Manhattan on Long Island for a permanent settlement and chose the harbour at the end of Newtown Creek, becoming the first Europeans to live in Brooklyn, then known as Boschwick, in the neighbourhood now known as Bushwick. Other descendents of Huguenots included Jack Jouett, who made the ride from Cuckoo Tavern to warn Thomas Jefferson and others that Tarleton and his men were on their way to arrest him for crimes against the king; Reverend John Gano, a Revolutionary War chaplain and spiritual advisor to George Washington; Francis Marion; and a number of other leaders of the American Revolution and later statesmen. Most of them agree that the Huguenot population reached as many as 10% of the total population, or roughly 2million people, on the eve of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in 1572. [63] It states in article 3: "This application does not, however, affect the validity of past acts by the person or rights acquired by third parties on the basis of previous laws. ", "L'affaire des placards, la fin de la belle Renaissance", "18 octobre 1534: l'affaire des placards", "This Day in History 1572: Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre", Provisional Government of the French Republic, "Rise of 'neo-Protestantism' under Macron challenges traditional Catholic-secular approach to politics", "Welcome to The Huguenot Society of Australia", "Chronology French Church du Saint-Esprit", "French Huguenots and their descendants genealogy project", "Allocution de M. Franois Mitterrand, Prsident de la Rpublique, aux crmonies du tricentenaire de la Rvocation de l'Edit de Nantes, sur la tolrance en matire politique et religieuse et l'histoire du protestantisme en France, Paris, Palais de l'UNESCO, vendredi 11 octobre 1985", "Bayonne Online The first reference to Bayonne in history is in 1609 when Henry Hudson stopped there before proceeding on his journey up the river which would later bear his name. With the precedent of a historical alliancethe Auld Alliancebetween Scotland and France; Huguenots were mostly welcomed to, and found refuge in the nation from around the year 1700. Escalating, he instituted dragonnades, which included the occupation and looting of Huguenot homes by military troops, in an effort to forcibly convert them. [123] The last prime minister of East Germany, Lothar de Maizire,[124] is also a descendant of a Huguenot family, as is the former German Federal Minister of the Interior, Thomas de Maizire. [22] A few families went to Orthodox Russia and Catholic Quebec. Some Huguenot families have kept alive various traditions, such as the celebration and feast of their patron Saint Nicolas, similar to the Dutch Sint Nicolaas (Sinterklaas) feast. [54][55] Beyond Paris, the killings continued until 3 October. A peace treaty was arranged in 1658, and the Dutch returned", "444 Years: The Massacre of the Huguenot Christians in America", "Huguenots of Spitalfields heritage tours & events in Spitalfields Huguenot Public Art Trust", "Eglise Protestante Franaise de Londres", "The Huguenot Chapel (Black Prince's Chantry)", "The Strangers who enriched Norwich and Norfolk life", "The strangers and the canaries - Football Welcomes 2018", "Paths to Pluralism: South Africa's Early History", Huguenot Society of Great Britain & Ireland, Mitterrand's Apology to the Huguenots (in French). In 1565 the Spanish decided to enforce their claim to La Florida, and sent Pedro Menndez de Avils, who established the settlement of St. Augustine near Fort Caroline. Some of their descendants moved into the Deep South and Texas, where they developed new plantations. D.J.B. du Pont, a former student of Lavoisier, established the Eleutherian gunpowder mills. New Rochelle, located in the county of Westchester on the north shore of Long Island Sound, seemed to be the great location of the Huguenots in New York. Gaspard de Coligny was among the first to fall at the hands of a servant of the Duke de . He was a pastor. Now, it happens that those whom they called Lutherans were at that time so narrowly watched during the day that they were forced to wait till night to assemble, for the purpose of praying God, for preaching and receiving the Holy Sacrament; so that although they did not frighten nor hurt anybody, the priests, through mockery, made them the successors of those spirits which roam the night; and thus that name being quite common in the mouth of the populace, to designate the evangelical huguenands in the country of Tourraine and Amboyse, it became in vogue after that enterprise. Francis initially protected the Huguenot dissidents from Parlementary measures seeking to exterminate them. As a result Protestants are still a religious minority in Quebec today. The Huguenots responded by establishing independent political and military structures, establishing diplomatic contacts with foreign powers, and openly revolting against central power. Dutch and Walloon Calvinists arrived in force in Elizabethan England - there were over 15,000 foreign Protestants in the country in the 1590s, the majority Dutch and almost all of the remainder Walloon and Huguenot - but few needed to come once the independence of the United Provinces was secured. Long integrated into Australian society, it is encouraged by the Huguenot Society of Australia to embrace and conserve its cultural heritage, aided by the Society's genealogical research services.[67]. They also settled elsewhere in Kent, particularly Sandwich, Faversham and Maidstonetowns in which there used to be refugee churches. The Huguenot Society of America maintains the Manakin Episcopal Church in Virginia as a historic shrine with occasional services. [citation needed] The greatest concentrations of Huguenots at this time resided in the regions of Guienne, Saintonge-Aunis-Angoumois and Poitou. As both spoke French in daily life, their court church in the Prinsenhof in Delft held services in French. They are Franschhoek in the Cape Province of South Africa, Portarlington in the Republic of Ireland, and Bad Karlshafen in Hesse, Germany. The collection includes family histories, a library, and a picture archive. Huguenot Genealogy; Places & Traces Menu Toggle. [100] In Wandsworth, their gardening skills benefited the Battersea market gardens. [1][2][3], The remaining Huguenots faced continued persecution under Louis XV. Peter married into a family of physicians and had a son Peter jnr. In 1709, when the Palatinates were living at St. Katherine's by the Tower, a beautiful church and hospital were located there as well, known as St. Katharine's Church. 1491-1532? McClain, Molly. It used a derogatory pun on the name Hugues by way of the Dutch word Huisgenoten (literally 'housemates'), referring to the connotations of a somewhat related word in German Eidgenosse ('Confederate' in the sense of 'a citizen of one of the states of the Swiss Confederacy').[5]. Persecution diminished the number of Huguenots who remained in France. In October 1985, to commemorate the tricentenary of the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, President Franois Mitterrand of France announced a formal apology to the descendants of Huguenots around the world. Huguenots lived on the Atlantic coast in La Rochelle, and also spread across provinces of Normandy and Poitou. The Huguenots were concentrated in the southern and western parts of the Kingdom of France. "Trees without roots fall over!" ""People who never look backward to their ancestors will never look forward to posterity." - Edmund Burke. There were also some Calvinists in the Alsace region, which then belonged to the Holy Roman Empire. Reply. She has taught genealogy and has written books and articles on the subject, including Tracing Your Huguenot Ancestors and Tracing Your Family Tree in England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. The rebellions were implacably suppressed by the French crown. ", Mark Greengrass, "Protestant exiles and their assimilation in early modern England. . He died on 6 May 2001, in Cudahy, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, at the age of 70, and was buried in Cudahy, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States. Of the refugees who arrived on the Kent coast, many gravitated towards Canterbury, then the county's Calvinist hub. Janet Gray argues that for the word to have spread into common use in France, it must have originated there in French. [citation needed] Mary returned to Scotland a widow, in the summer of 1561. Ultimately, whatever the roots, the meaning of the term . [77] Their descendants in many families continued to use French first names and surnames for their children well into the nineteenth century. A number of French Huguenots settled in Wales, in the upper Rhymney valley of the current Caerphilly County Borough. Some Huguenot descendants in the Netherlands may be noted by French family names, although they typically use Dutch given names. Most of these Frenchmen were Huguenots who had fled from the religious persecutions in France, and, after a sojourn in Holland, had sought a field of greater opportunity in the New World. Through the 18th and 19th centuries, descendants of the French migrated west into the Piedmont, and across the Appalachian Mountains into the West of what became Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri, and other states. They were persecuted by Catholic France, and about 300,000 Huguenots fled France for England, Holland, Switzerland, Prussia, and the Dutch and English colonies in the Americas. Raymond P. Hylton, "Dublin's Huguenot Community: Trials, Development, and Triumph, 16621701". Is an Index of family names appearing in "Huguenot Trails", the official publication of the Huguenot Society of Canada, from 1968 to 2003. In the early years, many Huguenots also settled in the area of present-day Charleston, South Carolina. Their Principles Delineated; Their Character Illustrated; Their Sufferings and Successes Recorded by William Henry Foote; Presbyterian Committee of Publication, 1870 - 627, The Huguenots: History and Memory in Transnational Context: Essays in Honour and Memory of by Walter C. Utt, From a Far Country: Camisards and Huguenots in the Atlantic World by Catharine Randall, Paul Arblaster, Gergely Juhsz, Guido Latr (eds), Fischer, David Hackett, "Champlain's Dream", 2008, Alfred A. Knopf Canada, article on EIDupont says he did not even emigrate to the US and establish the mills until after the French Revolution, so the mills were not operating for theAmerican revolution. Other evidence of the Walloons and Huguenots in Canterbury includes a block of houses in Turnagain Lane, where weavers' windows survive on the top floor, as many Huguenots worked as weavers. [42][43], The French Wars of Religion began with the Massacre of Vassy on 1 March 1562, when dozens[8] (some sources say hundreds[44]) of Huguenots were killed, and about 200 were wounded. It is the last name of former New York Yankees baseball player, Derek Jeter. Some members of this community emigrated to the United States in the 1890s. Paul Revere was descended from Huguenot refugees, as was Henry Laurens, who signed the Articles of Confederation for South Carolina. [66], A diaspora of French Australians still considers itself Huguenot, even after centuries of exile. This surname is listed in the (US) National Huguenot Society's register of qualified Huguenot ancestors and also in the similar register of the Huguenot Society of America. Huguenots intermarried with Dutch from the outset. They organised their first national synod in 1558 in Paris.[40]. The crown, occupied by the House of Valois, generally supported the Catholic side, but on occasion switched over to the Protestant cause when politically expedient. The house derives its name from a weaving school which was moved there in the last years of the 19th century, reviving an earlier use.) For over 150 years, Huguenots were allowed to hold their services in Lady Chapel in St. Patrick's Cathedral. Genealogical Publishing Company, Published: 1885, Reprinted: 1998. The first wave took place between 1540 and 1590 and mainly concerned Geneva. Some of these French settlers were Calvinist or Reformed Protestants (Huguenots) who fled religious persecution in France. See my info below about how to contact Alsace-Lorraine, the two provinces where many Huguenots once lived. The first groups of German immigrants to the US began to arrive as early as the 1670s. The French Confession of 1559 shows a decidedly Calvinistic influence. After the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, several Huguenots including Edmund Bohun of Suffolk, England, Pierre Bacot of Touraine France, Jean Postell of Dieppe France, Alexander Pepin, Antoine Poitevin of Orsement France, and Jacques de Bordeaux of Grenoble, immigrated to the Charleston Orange district. The implication that the style of lace known as 'Bucks Point' demonstrates a Huguenot influence, being a "combination of Mechlin patterns on Lille ground",[102] is fallacious: what is now known as Mechlin lace did not develop until the first half of the eighteenth century and lace with Mechlin patterns and Lille ground did not appear until the end of the 18th century, when it was widely copied throughout Europe. You can see a list of Huguenot surnames at Huguenot-France.org and another list of those who migrated to the UK and Ireland at LibraryIreland. In 1646, the land was granted to Jacob Jacobson Roy, a gunner at the fort in New Amsterdam (now Manhattan), and named "Konstapel's Hoeck" (Gunner's Point in Dutch). Consequently, many Huguenots considered the wealthy and Calvinist-controlled Dutch Republic, which also happened to lead the opposition to Louis XIV, as the most attractive country for exile after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. The wars ended with the Edict of Nantes of 1598, which granted the Huguenots substantial religious, political and military autonomy. The bulk of Huguenot migrs moved to Protestant states such as the Dutch Republic, England and Wales, Protestant-controlled Ireland, the Channel Islands, Scotland, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, the electorates of Brandenburg and the Palatinate in the Holy Roman Empire, and the Duchy of Prussia. However, enforcement of the Edict grew increasingly irregular over time, making life so intolerable that many fled the country. "[10], Some have suggested the name was derived, with similar intended scorn, from les guenon de Hus (the 'monkeys' or 'apes of Jan Hus'). [91][92] The immigrants included many skilled craftsmen and entrepreneurs who facilitated the economic modernisation of their new home, in an era when economic innovations were transferred by people rather than through printed works. [60], Persecution of Protestants diminished in France after 1724, finally ending with the Edict of Versailles, commonly called the Edict of Tolerance, signed by Louis XVI in 1787. [99] Huguenot refugees flocked to Shoreditch, London. It is now an official symbol of the glise des Protestants rforms (French Protestant church). They arrange tours, talks, events and schools programmes to raise the Huguenot profile in Spitalfields and raise funds for a permanent memorial to the Huguenots. They were determined to end religious oppression. With each break in peace, the Huguenots' trust in the Catholic throne diminished, and the violence became more severe, and Protestant demands became grander, until a lasting cessation of open hostility finally occurred in 1598. The first Huguenots arrived as early as 1671, when the first Huguenot refugee, Francois Villion (later Viljoen), arrived at the Cape. It was still illegal, and, although the law was seldom enforced, it could be a threat or a nuisance to Protestants. The Huguenots of religion were influenced by John Calvin's works and established Calvinist synods. Horsley, Hartley Bridge, Gloucestershire, England; Popular names: Hanks Rhetoric like this became fiercer as events unfolded, and eventually stirred up a reaction in the Catholic establishment. Isaac and Esther's first three children were born in Mannheim between the years 1668 and 1673. Some fled as refugees to the Dutch Cape Colony, the Dutch East Indies, various Caribbean colonies, and several of the Dutch and English colonies in North America. [16] Hans J. Hillerbrand, an expert on the subject, in his Encyclopedia of Protestantism: 4-volume Set claims the Huguenot community reached as much as 10% of the French population on the eve of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre, declining to 7 to 8% by the end of the 16th century, and further after heavy persecution began once again with the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes by Louis XIV in 1685. The Huguenot cemetery, or the "Huguenot Burial Ground", has since been recognised as a historic cemetery that is the final resting place for a wide range of the Huguenot founders, early settlers and prominent citizens dating back more than three centuries. The early immigrants settled in Franschhoek ("French Corner") . The surname Martin of French origin (see 1 above) is listed in the (US) National Huguenot Society's register of qualified . It precipitated civil bloodshed, ruined commerce, and resulted in the illegal flight from the country of hundreds of thousands of Protestants, many of whom were intellectuals, doctors and business leaders whose skills were transferred to Britain as well as Holland, Prussia, South Africa and other places they fled to. German: northern variant of Grob.North German: habitational name from any of several places called Grove or Groven in . Peace terms called for the dismantling of the city's fortifications. Following this exodus, Huguenots remained in large numbers in only one region of France: the rugged Cvennes region in the south. The Prime Minister of South Africa from 1958-1966 was born in the Netherlands. The most Hubert families were found in USA in 1880. [11][12] By 1911, there was still no consensus in the United States on this interpretation. [citation needed], In World War II, Huguenots led by Andr Trocm in the village of Le Chambon-sur-Lignon in Cvennes helped save many Jews. [107][108][109][110][111] Huguenot regiments fought for William of Orange in the Williamite War in Ireland, for which they were rewarded with land grants and titles, many settling in Dublin. The city's political institutions and the university were all handed over to the Huguenots. Local church records and histories are very helpful in that regard. The uprising occurred a decade following the death of Henry IV, who was assassinated by a Catholic fanatic in 1610. He wrote in his book, The Days of the Upright, A History of the Huguenots (1965), that Huguenot is: a combination of a Dutch and a German word. Louisiana had the highest population of Hubert families in 1840. What is clear is that the surname, Jaques, is a Huguenot name. Use the search box to find a specific Family Name, Year, Location or Occupation. The Conds established a thriving glass-making works, which provided wealth to the principality for many years. After John Calvin introduced the Reformation in France, the number of French Protestants steadily swelled to ten percent of the population, or roughly 1.8million people, in the decade between 1560 and 1570. The Portuguese threatened their Protestant prisoners with death if they did not convert to Roman Catholicism. They hid them in secret places or helped them get out of Vichy France. The couple left for Batavia ten years later. Family name was not found in records of the Huguenot Society several years ago, and little follow-up has been made since then, hence my interest in participating in this project. The surname Cordes is most commonly associated with Germany, Belgium, France and Spain. The superstition of our ancestors, to within twenty or thirty years thereabouts, was such that in almost all the towns in the kingdom they had a notion that certain spirits underwent their Purgatory in this world after death, and that they went about the town at night, striking and outraging many people whom they found in the streets. Some Huguenots settled in Bedfordshire, one of the main centres of the British lace industry at the time. The exodus of Huguenots from France created a brain drain, as many of them had occupied important places in society. Skip Ancestry navigation Main Menu Home On that day, soldiers and organized mobs fell upon the Huguenots, and thousands of them were slaughtered. They purchased from John Pell, Lord of Pelham Manor, a tract of land consisting of six thousand one hundred acres with the help of Jacob Leisler. By 1562, the estimated number of Huguenots peaked at approximately two million, concentrated mainly in the western, southern, and some central parts of France, compared to approximately sixteen million Catholics during the same period. 4,000 emigrated to the Thirteen Colonies, where they settled, especially in New York, the Delaware River Valley in Eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey,[22] and Virginia. A series of religious conflicts followed, known as the French Wars of Religion, fought intermittently from 1562 to 1598. [65] Most are concentrated in Alsace in northeast France and the Cvennes mountain region in the south, who still regard themselves as Huguenots to this day. Barred by the government from settling in New France, Huguenots led by Jess de Forest, sailed to North America in 1624 and settled instead in the Dutch colony of New Netherland (later incorporated into New York and New Jersey); as well as Great Britain's colonies, including Nova Scotia.